{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:49:00Z","timestamp":1777927740976,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":222,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1992,11,1]],"date-time":"1992-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":720576000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Int J STD AIDS"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"DOI":"10.1177\/095646249200300601","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,12]],"date-time":"2017-01-12T19:07:32Z","timestamp":1484248052000},"page":"391-413","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Syphilis: New Diagnostic Directions"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Young","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"STD Diagnostic Laboratory Department of Medical Microbiology, Edinburgh University Medical School, Teviot Place, Edinburgh EH8 9AG, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1992,11,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-095646249200300601","first-page":"65","volume":"77","author":"Rathlev T.","year":"1965","journal-title":"WHO\/VDT\/RES"},{"key":"bibr2-095646249200300601","first-page":"181","volume":"43","author":"Rathlev T.","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr3-095646249200300601","first-page":"341","volume":"50","author":"Young H","year":"1974","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr4-095646249200300601","volume-title":"Treponemal infections","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1982"},{"key":"bibr5-095646249200300601","first-page":"118","volume-title":"Clinical practice in sexually transmissible diseases","author":"Robertson DHH","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr6-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1989.tb03366.x"},{"key":"bibr7-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1981.tb01034.x"},{"key":"bibr8-095646249200300601","first-page":"68","volume":"2","author":"Penn CW.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Med Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr9-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0888-0786(89)90037-1"},{"key":"bibr10-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1063704"},{"key":"bibr11-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.1991.11700797"},{"key":"bibr12-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-4543(21)00591-1","volume":"17","author":"Melvin SY.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Prim Care"},{"key":"bibr13-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-11-872"},{"key":"bibr14-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0025-7125(16)30487-4"},{"key":"bibr15-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000248335"},{"key":"bibr16-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/12.4.703"},{"key":"bibr17-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.3.530"},{"key":"bibr18-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706183162503"},{"key":"bibr19-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-107-4-492"},{"key":"bibr20-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199104000-00010"},{"key":"bibr21-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-109-11-855"},{"key":"bibr22-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.124.4.509"},{"key":"bibr23-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460220022005"},{"key":"bibr24-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90232-8"},{"key":"bibr25-095646249200300601","first-page":"31","volume":"66","author":"van den Hoek JA","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr26-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.51.1.168-176.1986"},{"key":"bibr27-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02014427"},{"key":"bibr28-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.134.1.585","volume":"134","author":"Lukehart SA","year":"1985","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"bibr29-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.20.4.711-717.1984"},{"key":"bibr30-095646249200300601","first-page":"213","volume-title":"Immunological diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases","author":"Lukehart SA","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr31-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000234935"},{"key":"bibr32-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.9.2612-2623.1989"},{"key":"bibr33-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/10.Supplement_2.S403"},{"key":"bibr34-095646249200300601","first-page":"72","volume":"65","author":"Young H","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr35-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00145040"},{"key":"bibr36-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/157.5.903"},{"key":"bibr37-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.2.296-302.1990"},{"key":"bibr38-095646249200300601","first-page":"428","volume":"66","author":"Hay PE","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr39-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.1.62-69.1991"},{"key":"bibr40-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.9.1976-1984.1991"},{"key":"bibr41-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198802000-00008"},{"key":"bibr42-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03410100119036"},{"key":"bibr43-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/160.1.116"},{"key":"bibr44-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1991.7.323"},{"key":"bibr45-095646249200300601","first-page":"600","volume":"37","year":"1988","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr46-095646249200300601","first-page":"1440","volume":"18","author":"Strobel M","year":"1989","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"bibr47-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0733-8635(18)30397-8"},{"key":"bibr48-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1.1986.2.285"},{"key":"bibr49-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1991.00400030071013"},{"key":"bibr50-095646249200300601","first-page":"219","volume":"64","author":"Terry PM","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr51-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199105000-00020"},{"key":"bibr52-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/162.4.862"},{"key":"bibr53-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"458","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555571458","volume":"71","author":"Sjovall P","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereal (Stockh)"},{"key":"bibr54-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-199109000-00006"},{"key":"bibr55-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(88)90600-6"},{"key":"bibr56-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(88)70062-6"},{"key":"bibr57-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-198808000-00012"},{"key":"bibr58-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)80316-0"},{"key":"bibr59-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1991.00530190046014"},{"key":"bibr60-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198706183162507"},{"key":"bibr61-095646249200300601","first-page":"1","volume":"7","author":"Zambrano W","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Clin Neurol Ophthalmol"},{"key":"bibr62-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060110032016"},{"key":"bibr63-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1987.01060110031015"},{"key":"bibr64-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)74179-0"},{"key":"bibr65-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)76378-0"},{"key":"bibr66-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0161-6420(90)32419-3"},{"key":"bibr67-095646249200300601","first-page":"253","volume":"45","author":"Smego RA","year":"1984","journal-title":"N C Med J"},{"key":"bibr68-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/164.3.615"},{"key":"bibr69-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450110078031"},{"key":"bibr70-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199010000-00011"},{"key":"bibr71-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198410000-00002"},{"key":"bibr72-095646249200300601","first-page":"361","volume":"63","author":"Mindel A","year":"1987","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr73-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1989.0080"},{"key":"bibr74-095646249200300601","first-page":"304","volume":"66","author":"French PD","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr75-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90441-1"},{"key":"bibr76-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555565567569","volume":"65","author":"Poulsen A","year":"1985","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh)"},{"key":"bibr77-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a114527"},{"key":"bibr78-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1991.03460210024005"},{"key":"bibr79-095646249200300601","first-page":"77","volume":"40","year":"1991","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr80-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1989.01670140021002"},{"key":"bibr81-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/21548331.1991.11704206"},{"key":"bibr82-095646249200300601","first-page":"314","volume":"40","year":"1991","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr83-095646249200300601","first-page":"53","volume":"39","year":"1990","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr84-095646249200300601","first-page":"825","volume":"38","year":"1989","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr85-095646249200300601","first-page":"117","volume":"65","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr86-095646249200300601","first-page":"588","volume-title":"Topley and Wilson's principals of bacteriology, virology and immunology","author":"Young H","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr87-095646249200300601","first-page":"164","volume":"14","author":"Daniels KC","year":"1977","journal-title":"Health Lab Sci"},{"key":"bibr88-095646249200300601","first-page":"647","volume":"59","author":"Luger A.","year":"1981","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"bibr89-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.22.2.241-244.1985"},{"key":"bibr90-095646249200300601","unstructured":"McNeil K, Stewart SS, Fuller SA, Zawydiwski R, Wendel GD. An enzyme immunoassay for\n                      Treponema pallidum\n                      antigen. Annual Meeting of the American Society for Microbiology 1990 (abstract)."},{"key":"bibr91-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.125.1.15"},{"key":"bibr92-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.3.444-448.1991"},{"key":"bibr93-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(89)70158-4"},{"key":"bibr94-095646249200300601","first-page":"128","volume":"11","author":"Heid E","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ann Pathol"},{"key":"bibr95-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199108223250803"},{"key":"bibr96-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.59.8.2653-2657.1991"},{"key":"bibr97-095646249200300601","volume":"35","author":"Gjestland T.","year":"1955","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"bibr98-095646249200300601","first-page":"108","volume-title":"Clinical practice in sexually transmitted diseases","author":"Robertson DHH","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr99-095646249200300601","first-page":"249","volume-title":"Immunological diagnosis of sexually transmitted diseases","author":"Luger AFH.","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr100-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/151.2.264"},{"key":"bibr101-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198610000-00002"},{"key":"bibr102-095646249200300601","first-page":"830","volume":"163","author":"Wicher V","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"bibr103-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.45.1.37"},{"key":"bibr104-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.1150080202"},{"key":"bibr105-095646249200300601","unstructured":"World Health Organization. Disease detection. In: Control of sexually transmitted diseases. Geneva: World Health Organization, 1985:33\u201340."},{"key":"bibr106-095646249200300601","first-page":"3","volume":"14","author":"Jenum PA","year":"1991","journal-title":"NIPH Ann"},{"key":"bibr107-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(05)81143-6"},{"key":"bibr108-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1964.03070020015003"},{"key":"bibr109-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.40.3_Part_1.541"},{"key":"bibr110-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(90)91107-N"},{"key":"bibr111-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199011083231902"},{"key":"bibr112-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(89)80044-7"},{"key":"bibr113-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.9.1711-1716.1987"},{"key":"bibr114-095646249200300601","first-page":"366","volume":"12","author":"Smythe LD","year":"1991","journal-title":"Australian Microbiologist"},{"key":"bibr115-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-12-1057"},{"key":"bibr116-095646249200300601","first-page":"239","volume":"65","author":"Anderson J","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr117-095646249200300601","first-page":"8","volume":"59","author":"Diggory P.","year":"1983","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr118-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.35.12.1349"},{"key":"bibr119-095646249200300601","first-page":"227","volume":"51","author":"Veldkamp J","year":"1975","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr120-095646249200300601","first-page":"231","volume":"2","author":"Borobio MV","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur J Sex Trans Dis"},{"key":"bibr121-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.21.3.399-402.1985"},{"key":"bibr122-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.20.6.1109-1113.1984"},{"key":"bibr123-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.28.8.1704-1707.1990"},{"key":"bibr124-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/00222615-26-2-153"},{"key":"bibr125-095646249200300601","first-page":"367","volume":"62","author":"van Eijk RV","year":"1986","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr126-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.1.152-157.1989"},{"key":"bibr127-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1990.tb03190.x"},{"key":"bibr128-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.299.6696.409"},{"key":"bibr129-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1988.tb112802.x"},{"key":"bibr130-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.42.12.1281"},{"key":"bibr131-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.1989.tb101215.x"},{"key":"bibr132-095646249200300601","first-page":"37","volume":"7","author":"Williams K.","year":"1985","journal-title":"Commun Med"},{"key":"bibr133-095646249200300601","first-page":"1319","volume":"135","author":"Bindels PJ","year":"1991","journal-title":"Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"bibr134-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1990.30991048793.x"},{"key":"bibr135-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1990.30991048779.x"},{"key":"bibr136-095646249200300601","first-page":"211","volume":"36","author":"Serrano J.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Sangre (Barc)"},{"key":"bibr137-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/18.6.407"},{"key":"bibr138-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.1989.01670240044010"},{"key":"bibr139-095646249200300601","first-page":"321","volume":"25","author":"Nieman EA.","year":"1991","journal-title":"J R Coll Physicians Lond"},{"key":"bibr140-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.155.2.259"},{"key":"bibr141-095646249200300601","first-page":"434","volume":"67","author":"Waugh MA.","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr142-095646249200300601","first-page":"398","volume":"64","author":"Gschnait F.","year":"1989","journal-title":"Z Hautkr"},{"key":"bibr143-095646249200300601","first-page":"263","volume":"26","author":"Meurer M","year":"1987","journal-title":"Urologe [A]"},{"key":"bibr144-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0379-0738(84)90151-8"},{"key":"bibr145-095646249200300601","first-page":"34","volume":"39","year":"1990","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr146-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198007000-00014"},{"key":"bibr147-095646249200300601","first-page":"147","volume":"58","author":"Sprott MS","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr148-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198007000-00001"},{"key":"bibr149-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.19.6.789-793.1984"},{"key":"bibr150-095646249200300601","first-page":"50","volume":"49","author":"Chronas G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med Lab Sci"},{"key":"bibr151-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198610000-00005"},{"key":"bibr152-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198610000-00003"},{"key":"bibr153-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.2340\/0001555571306311","volume":"71","author":"Carlsson B","year":"1991","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereal (Stockh)"},{"key":"bibr154-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.4.619-623.1987"},{"key":"bibr155-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.25.5.808-811.1987"},{"key":"bibr156-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.21.1.82-87.1985"},{"key":"bibr157-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.1.115-122.1992"},{"key":"bibr158-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1985.03350330094030"},{"key":"bibr159-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-114-12-1005"},{"key":"bibr160-095646249200300601","first-page":"79","volume":"65","author":"Ijsselmuiden OE","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr161-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198004000-00004"},{"key":"bibr162-095646249200300601","first-page":"82","volume":"61","author":"Merlin S","year":"1985","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr163-095646249200300601","first-page":"12","volume":"58","author":"Muller F","year":"1982","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr164-095646249200300601","first-page":"145","volume":"68","author":"Panuccio A","year":"1989","journal-title":"Boll Ist Sieroter Milan"},{"key":"bibr165-095646249200300601","first-page":"381","volume":"64","author":"Panuccio A","year":"1985","journal-title":"Boll Ist Sieroter Milan"},{"key":"bibr166-095646249200300601","unstructured":"Schmidt BL, Gschnait F, Luger A. Comparison of three different\n                      Treponema pallidum\n                      specific IgM-tests. Biology and pathogenicity of treponemes: conference sponsored by the WHO and the University of Birmingham 1989 (abstract)."},{"key":"bibr167-095646249200300601","first-page":"372","volume":"56","author":"Shannon R","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr168-095646249200300601","first-page":"67","volume":"2","author":"Muller F","year":"1985","journal-title":"Eur J Sex Trans Dis"},{"key":"bibr169-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.16.4.608-614.1982"},{"key":"bibr170-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02123764"},{"key":"bibr171-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1985.04060060112021"},{"key":"bibr172-095646249200300601","first-page":"143","volume-title":"Clinical practice in sexually transmissible diseases","author":"Robertson DHH","year":"1989"},{"key":"bibr173-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1980.03300500026022"},{"key":"bibr174-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-113-11-872"},{"key":"bibr175-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03270200046031"},{"key":"bibr176-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290490044025"},{"key":"bibr177-095646249200300601","first-page":"363","volume":"56","author":"Polnikorn N","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr178-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1981.03320220033020"},{"key":"bibr179-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2340\/00015555635357","volume":"63","author":"Lowhagen G","year":"1983","journal-title":"Acta Derm Venereol"},{"key":"bibr180-095646249200300601","first-page":"223","volume":"64","author":"van der Valk PG","year":"1988","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr181-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/163.6.1201"},{"key":"bibr182-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198809000-00040"},{"key":"bibr183-095646249200300601","first-page":"47","volume":"149","author":"Jordan KG.","year":"1988","journal-title":"West J Med"},{"key":"bibr184-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1986.00520020031012"},{"key":"bibr185-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1988.03720100017015"},{"key":"bibr186-095646249200300601","first-page":"227","volume":"66","author":"Dunlop EM","year":"1990","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr187-095646249200300601","first-page":"585","volume":"17","author":"Catterall RD.","year":"1977","journal-title":"Br J Hosp Med"},{"key":"bibr188-095646249200300601","first-page":"595","year":"1977","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"bibr189-095646249200300601","first-page":"37","volume":"67","author":"De Silva Y","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr190-095646249200300601","volume-title":"Laboratory support in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis","author":"Luger A","year":"1988"},{"key":"bibr191-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198804000-00010"},{"key":"bibr192-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410250108"},{"key":"bibr193-095646249200300601","first-page":"77","volume":"63","author":"van Eijk RV","year":"1987","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr194-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.4.855"},{"key":"bibr195-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.125.12.1712"},{"key":"bibr196-095646249200300601","first-page":"561","volume":"12","author":"Johnson MH","year":"1986","journal-title":"Hosp Update"},{"key":"bibr197-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/34.4.665"},{"key":"bibr198-095646249200300601","first-page":"12","volume":"56","author":"Luger A","year":"1980","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr199-095646249200300601","first-page":"1","volume":"37","year":"1988","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"bibr200-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000157147"},{"key":"bibr201-095646249200300601","first-page":"201","volume-title":"Recent advances in sexually transmitted diseases and AIDS","author":"Meheus A","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr202-095646249200300601","first-page":"304","volume":"65","author":"Meyer MP","year":"1989","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr203-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.3.508"},{"key":"bibr204-095646249200300601","first-page":"465","volume":"48","author":"Johnston NA.","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis"},{"key":"bibr205-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199012063232309","volume":"323","author":"Eisenstein BI.","year":"1990","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"bibr206-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2448875"},{"key":"bibr207-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1990.tb13943.x"},{"key":"bibr208-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.58.6.2011-2013.1990"},{"key":"bibr209-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.57.1.196-203.1989"},{"key":"bibr210-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.29.8.1711-1718.1991"},{"key":"bibr211-095646249200300601","first-page":"967","volume":"74","author":"Wendel GD","year":"1989","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"bibr212-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.30.2.497-500.1992"},{"key":"bibr213-095646249200300601","volume-title":"Development of a treponemal vaccine: current status and recommendations for further research","author":"World Health Organization Consultative Group","year":"1990"},{"key":"bibr214-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.4.1160"},{"key":"bibr215-095646249200300601","first-page":"289","volume":"63","author":"Peterson KM","year":"1987","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr216-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198610000-00006"},{"key":"bibr217-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.53.1.16-25.1986"},{"key":"bibr218-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/153.6.1023"},{"key":"bibr219-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.23.3.460-464.1986"},{"key":"bibr220-095646249200300601","first-page":"408","volume":"67","author":"Ross J","year":"1991","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr221-095646249200300601","first-page":"142","volume":"68","author":"Lefevre JC","year":"1992","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"bibr222-095646249200300601","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-198707000-00007"}],"container-title":["International Journal of STD &amp; AIDS"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/095646249200300601","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/095646249200300601","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T22:50:08Z","timestamp":1777675808000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/095646249200300601"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]},"references-count":222,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/095646249200300601"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/095646249200300601","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-4624","1758-1052"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-4624","type":"print"},{"value":"1758-1052","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1992,11]]}}}