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In the study reported here, we used functional MRI (fMRI) to examine whether differences in brain activation during phonological processing that are characteristic of dyslexia were similar or dissimilar in children with poor reading ability who had high IQ scores (discrepant readers) and in children with poor reading ability who had low IQ scores (nondiscrepant readers). In two independent samples including a total of 131 children, using univariate and multivariate pattern analyses, we found that discrepant and nondiscrepant poor readers exhibited similar patterns of reduced activation in brain areas such as left parietotemporal and occipitotemporal regions. These results converge with behavioral evidence indicating that, regardless of IQ, poor readers have similar kinds of reading difficulties in relation to phonological processing.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797611419521","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,18]],"date-time":"2011-10-18T01:51:09Z","timestamp":1318902669000},"page":"1442-1451","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":152,"title":["The Brain Basis of the Phonological Deficit in Dyslexia Is Independent of IQ"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Hiroko","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica M.","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Graduate School of Social Work, Boston College"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Hulme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, York University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leanne M.","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Pacific Graduate School of Psychology, Palo Alto University"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelli R.","family":"Kesler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Whitfield-Gabrieli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"},{"name":"McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan L.","family":"Reiss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Interdisciplinary Brain Sciences Research, Stanford University School of Medicine"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John D. 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