{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,25]],"date-time":"2026-10-25T00:18:00Z","timestamp":1792887480382,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375315200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Millions of people witnessed early, repeated television coverage of the September 11 (9\/11), 2001, terrorist attacks and were subsequently exposed to graphic media images of the Iraq War. In the present study, we examined psychological- and physical-health impacts of exposure to these collective traumas. A U.S. national sample (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 2,189) completed Web-based surveys 1 to 3 weeks after 9\/11; a subsample (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">n<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 1,322) also completed surveys at the initiation of the Iraq War. These surveys measured media exposure and acute stress responses. Posttraumatic stress symptoms related to 9\/11 and physician-diagnosed health ailments were assessed annually for 3 years. Early 9\/11- and Iraq War\u2013related television exposure and frequency of exposure to war images predicted increased posttraumatic stress symptoms 2 to 3 years after 9\/11. Exposure to 4 or more hr daily of early 9\/11-related television and cumulative acute stress predicted increased incidence of health ailments 2 to 3 years later. These findings suggest that exposure to graphic media images may result in physical and psychological effects previously assumed to require direct trauma exposure.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797612460406","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,2]],"date-time":"2013-08-02T01:36:29Z","timestamp":1375407389000},"page":"1623-1634","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":226,"title":["Mental- and Physical-Health Effects of Acute Exposure to Media Images of the September 11, 2001, Attacks and the Iraq War"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Roxane Cohen","family":"Silver","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Social Behavior, University of California, Irvine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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