{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T11:13:30Z","timestamp":1790766810730,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1563494400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000913","name":"James S. McDonnell Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21st Century Science Initiative in Understanding H"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21st Century Science Initiative in Understanding H"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000913","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000781","name":"european research council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Learning&Achievement; 338065"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Learning&Achievement; 338065"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000781","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Psychol Sci"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Interindividual variability in outcomes across individuals poses great challenges for the application of noninvasive brain stimulation in psychological research. Here, we examined how the effects of high-frequency transcranial random-noise stimulation (tRNS) on sustained attention varied as a function of a well-studied electrocortical marker: spontaneous theta:beta ratio. Seventy-two participants received sham, 1-mA, and 2-mA tRNS in a double-blind, crossover manner while they performed a sustained-attention task. Receiving 1-mA tRNS was associated with improved sustained attention, whereas the effect of 2-mA tRNS was similar to the effect of sham tRNS. Furthermore, individuals\u2019 baseline theta:beta ratio moderated the effects of 1-mA tRNS and provided explanatory power beyond baseline behavioral performance. The tRNS-related effects on sustained attention were also accompanied by reductions in theta:beta ratio. These findings impart novel insights into mechanisms underlying tRNS effects and emphasize how designing studies that link variability in cognitive outcomes to variability in neurophysiology can improve inferential power in neurocognitive research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0956797619856658","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]],"date-time":"2019-07-19T13:48:06Z","timestamp":1563544086000},"page":"1318-1332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Suboptimal Engagement of High-Level Cortical Regions Predicts Random-Noise-Related Gains in Sustained Attention"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Siobh\u00e1n","family":"Harty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford"},{"name":"Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin"},{"name":"School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roi","family":"Cohen Kadosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford"},{"name":"Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0956797619856658","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken L. S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"bibr2-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2016.09.008"},{"key":"bibr3-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712460087"},{"key":"bibr4-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2012.249730"},{"key":"bibr5-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2015.05.007"},{"key":"bibr6-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.04.008"},{"key":"bibr7-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2013.821172"},{"key":"bibr8-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x"},{"key":"bibr9-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3475"},{"key":"bibr10-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1692-13.2013"},{"key":"bibr11-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2003.10.009"},{"key":"bibr12-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2017.04.016"},{"key":"bibr13-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/RNN-140473"},{"key":"bibr14-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146"},{"key":"bibr15-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073858416631966"},{"key":"bibr16-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nyas.13318."},{"key":"bibr17-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00140139.2018.1563722"},{"key":"bibr18-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2005.12.003"},{"key":"bibr19-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2017.00112"},{"key":"bibr20-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnsys.2014.00025"},{"key":"bibr21-0956797619856658","unstructured":"Lee I. A., Preacher K. J. (2013). Calculation for the test of the difference between two dependent correlations with one variable in common [Computer software]. Retrieved from http:\/\/quantpsy.org"},{"key":"bibr22-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2015.00181"},{"key":"bibr23-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1162\/jocn_a_00867"},{"key":"bibr24-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3061"},{"key":"bibr25-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.06.014"},{"key":"bibr26-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2007.12.018"},{"key":"bibr27-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2007.05477.x"},{"key":"bibr28-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.3248"},{"key":"bibr29-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2018.03.030"},{"key":"bibr30-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325"},{"key":"bibr31-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.10.008"},{"key":"bibr32-0956797619856658","volume-title":"R: A language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr33-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054715578270"},{"key":"bibr34-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0173(01)00044-3"},{"key":"bibr35-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cortex.2017.09.009"},{"key":"bibr36-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2008.11.033"},{"key":"bibr37-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cub.2013.04.045"},{"key":"bibr38-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.87.2.245"},{"key":"bibr39-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4248-08.2008"},{"key":"bibr40-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinph.2017.01.003"},{"key":"bibr41-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intell.2009.08.002"},{"key":"bibr42-0956797619856658","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.30.6.1302"},{"key":"bibr43-0956797619856658","first-page":"5298","author":"van der Groen O.","year":"2016","journal-title":"The Journal of Neuroscience, 36"}],"container-title":["Psychological Science"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956797619856658","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0956797619856658","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0956797619856658","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:32:44Z","timestamp":1777671164000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0956797619856658"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0956797619856658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0956797619856658","relation":{},"ISSN":["0956-7976","1467-9280"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0956-7976","type":"print"},{"value":"1467-9280","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,19]]}}}