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Various motivations underlie such \u201ccostly punishment\u201d: People may punish to enforce cooperative norms (amplifying punishment of in-groups) or to express anger at perpetrators (amplifying punishment of out-groups). Thus, group-related values and attitudes (e.g., how much one values fairness or feels out-group hostility) likely shape the development of group-related punishment. The present experiments ( N = 269, ages 3\u22128 from across the United States) tested whether children\u2019s punishment varies according to their parents\u2019 political ideology\u2014a possible proxy for the value systems transmitted to children intergenerationally. As hypothesized, parents\u2019 self-reported political ideology predicted variation in the punishment behavior of their children. Specifically, parental conservatism was associated with children\u2019s punishment of out-group members, and parental liberalism was associated with children\u2019s punishment of in-group members. These findings demonstrate how differences in group-related ideologies shape punishment across generations.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09567976221117154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,30]],"date-time":"2022-09-30T14:24:43Z","timestamp":1664547883000},"page":"1894-1908","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Parents\u2019 Political Ideology Predicts How Their Children Punish"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4501-9085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel A.","family":"Leshin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, New York University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3372-8746","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel A.","family":"Yudkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, 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