{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:38:23Z","timestamp":1777682303855,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Panic disorder was introduced in the standard psychiatric nosology with the                    publication of the DSM-III in 1980. The myriad of earlier medical and                    psychiatric names describing anxiety attacks and related conditions were all                    abandoned, being housed under the term `panic attack and panic disorder.' In                    this paper, the rationale and the appropriateness of this term are critically                    examined from a historical perspective. First, a brief historical account of                    anxiety that comes in the episodic form, and the medical and psychiatric                    terminology that emerged during the last two centuries regarding this condition,                    are presented. Next, the origins of the concept of panic as a collective or                    individual fear reaction are traced from a mythological and historical                    standpoint, up to its current, almost accidental, introduction into the official                    psychiatric diagnostic systems. Since the word `panic' has its roots in the                    Greek god Pan and the unpleasant states inflicted by him, this god is described,                    as well as St Gilles - also known as St Aegidios, the Athenian - the healing                    saint for those suffering from panic, horror and phobias. Finally, the current                    diagnostic features of panic disorder are systematically compared with the                    corresponding troubles inflicted on people by the mythical god Pan. It is                    concluded that the introduced term `panic' appropriately and successfully                    replaced the old ones.<\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x030142004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,16]],"date-time":"2003-08-16T06:07:02Z","timestamp":1061014022000},"page":"195-204","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["A Historical Inquiry into the Appropriateness of the Term `Panic Disorder'"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Yiannis G.","family":"Papakostas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Athens University Medical School"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aristotelis","family":"Eftychiadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical History, Athens University Medical School"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George I.","family":"Papakostas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard University Medical School,                        Massachusetts General Hospital and McLean Hospital"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"George N.","family":"Christodoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_1_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0924-9338(96)80325-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","unstructured":"APA (1980) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 3rd edn ( Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association )."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","unstructured":"APA (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th edn ( Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association )."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(96)89898-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","unstructured":"Barlow D. 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