{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T09:52:41Z","timestamp":1787910761465,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]],"date-time":"2003-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1054425600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>By providing the first description of infantile autism Leo Kanner (1894-1981)has substantially influenced the field of child and adolescent psychiatry. The classification of the disorder seems to be evolving with progress in clinical and diagnostic research, epidemiology and genetics. In the current classification systems of ICD-10 and DSM-IV, Kanner's name is merely mentioned, in contrast to other specified pervasive developmental disorders. This article draws attention to Kanner's early scientific career at Berlin's Charit\u00e9 University Hospital which ended in 1924 with Kanner's emigration to the United States. The study is based on original documents such as the files of Kanner's doctoral thesis on electrocardiography and cardiophonography found at the archives of Humboldt University of Berlin, and his unpublished autobiography, located at the library of the American Psychiatric Association in Washington, DC<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x030142005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,8,16]],"date-time":"2003-08-16T06:07:02Z","timestamp":1061014022000},"page":"205-218","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Leo Kanner: His Years in Berlin, 1906-24. The Roots of Autistic Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"K. -J.","family":"Neum\u00e4rker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinik und Poliklinik f\u00fcr Psychiatrie und                        Psychotherapie des Kindes- und Jugendalters, Universit\u00e4tsklinikum                        Charit\u00e9, Campus Mitte, Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t der                        Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2003,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"APA (1968) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Second Edition ( Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association )."},{"key":"atypb2","unstructured":"APA (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition ( Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association )."},{"key":"atypb3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01837709"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Asperger, H. (1968) Zur Differentialdiagnose des kindlichen Autismus . Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 35, 136-145 ."},{"key":"atypb5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198201000-00016"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.176.1.20"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2007-996308"},{"key":"atypb8","unstructured":"Buszko, J. (1984) Die inneren Verh\u00e4ltnisse in Galizien und in der Bukowina. Das Zeitalter Kaiser Franz Josephs. 1. Teil. Von der Revolution zur Gr\u00fcnderzeit 1848-1880. Beitr\u00e4ge. Katalog des N\u00d6 Landesmuseums, Neue Folge Nr. 147 (Wien), 282-6."},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Charit\u00e9 Universit\u00e4tsklinikum der Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin. Historische Instrumentensammlung\n                      .\n                      Katalog\n                      (Johannes-M\u00fcller-Institut f\u00fcr Physiologie, 2000), 16-17: `Rubner'."},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1981.tb00559.x"},{"key":"atypb11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.138.8.1122"},{"key":"atypb12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.5.751"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200107000-00008"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Encyclopaedia Judaica, Bd. 4\n                      (Jerusalem, 1971), 1396-9: `Brody'."},{"key":"atypb15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1992.tb01959.x"},{"key":"atypb16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0447.2000.102005321.x"},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"Gillberg, C., Hagberg, B. and Percy, A. K. (eds) (1997) Hand in hand with Rett Syndrome . World Congress on Rett Syndrome, Gothenburg, Sweden August 30th - September 1st, 1996."},{"key":"atypb17","unstructured":"European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 6, Suppl. 1."},{"key":"atypb18","unstructured":"Gr\u00f6schel, C. (2001) Brody - Geschichte und Bedeutung einer galizischen Kleinstadt. In http:\/\/viadrina.euv-frankfurt-o.de\/~wsgn1\/brody.html, 1-3."},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1076\/jhin.11.1.19.9106"},{"key":"atypb20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/7.3.571"},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Kanner, L. (1920) Promotionsakte Nr. 871 (Medizinische Fakult\u00e4t der Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin)"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02673455"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"Kanner, L. (1943) Autistic disturbances of affective contact . Nervous Child, 2, 217-250 ."},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537953"},{"key":"atypb25","unstructured":"Kanner, L. (n.d.) Autobiography. Freedom from within. Held at the American Psychiatric Association Library and Archives, 1400 K Street NW, Washington, DC, USA ."},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-200109000-00003"},{"key":"atypb27","unstructured":"Krevelen, D. A. van (1975) Touring the sources . Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 42, 49-59 ."},{"key":"atypb28","unstructured":"Kurz, G. and Staudt, J. (1991) Rudolf Fick zum 125. Geburtstag. In Charit\u00e9-Annalen. Neue Folge, Band 11 ( Berlin: Akademie Verlag ), 239-240."},{"key":"atypb29","unstructured":"Lutz, J. (1981) Hans Asperger und Leo Kanner zum Gedenken . Acta Paedopsychiatrica, 47, 179-183 ."},{"key":"atypb30","unstructured":"Magnus, N. (1984) Die Juden. Das Zeitalter Kaiser Franz Josephs. 1. Teil. Von der Revolution zur Gr\u00fcnderzeit 1848-1880. Beitr\u00e4ge. Katalog des N\u00d6 Landesmuseums, Neue Folge Nr. 147 ( Wien ), 85-86."},{"key":"atypb31","unstructured":"Mietke, H. (1960) Die Ophthalmologie und das Universit\u00e4tsklinikum in der Berliner Ziegelstrasse . Zeitschrift f\u00fcr \u00e4rztliche Fortbildung, (54), 465-475 ."},{"key":"atypb32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb02354.x"},{"key":"atypb33","unstructured":"Neum\u00e4rker, K.J. (2001) Autismus bei Kindern: Sprache, Verhalten und Motorik verraten die Diagnose . M\u00fcnchener Medizinische Wochenschrift - Fortschritte der Medizin, 143, 70-72 ."},{"key":"atypb34","unstructured":"Rett, A. (1966) \u00dcber ein eigenartiges hirnatrophisches Syndrom bei Hyperammon\u00e4mie im Kindesalter . Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 116, 723-726 ."},{"key":"atypb35","unstructured":"Rohrschneider, W. (1965) Zum 100. Geburtstag von Emil Kr\u00fcckmann . 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