{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T10:07:32Z","timestamp":1790417252339,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,1]],"date-time":"2004-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1093996800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">During the 1870s the Austro-Hungarian neuropsychiatrist Moritz Benedikt\n                    (1835-1920) proposed a remarkable neurological localization of morality in the\n                    human brain. More precisely, he thought of the ultimate parts of the occipital\n                    lobes as the seat of the moral sense. The so-called non-coverage of the\n                    cerebellum that was discovered in apes and criminals underpinned his\n                    localization. This paper studies the origin, background and reception of\n                    Benedikt\u2019s unique but opiniated localization of human morality. It is\n                    argued that his self-labelling as a freethinker offers the most understandable\n                    reason why Benedikt looked so eagerly for the seat of the moral sense in the\n                    human brain and why he was ultimately bold enough to suggest a cerebral localization.<\/jats:italic>\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x04039354","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,9,13]],"date-time":"2004-09-13T18:57:42Z","timestamp":1095101862000},"page":"305-328","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Moritz Benedikt\u2019s (1835-1920) Localization of Morality in the                Occipital Lobes: Origin and Background of a Controversial Hypothesis"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Verplaetse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Jurisprudence and Legal History, Universiteitstraat 4, 9000\r                        Ghent, Belgium,"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_2_1_1","unstructured":"Baer A. (1893) Der Verbrecher in anthropologischer Beziehung (Leipzig: Thieme)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_2_1","unstructured":"Benedikt M. (1868) Elektrotherapie (Wien: Tendler)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_3_1","unstructured":"Benedikt M. (1875a) Zur Psychophysik der Moral Vortrag gehalten in der 1 allgemeine Sitzung der Naturforscherversammlung zu Breslau (24 September 1874). In M. Benedikt Zur Psychophysik der Moral und des Rechtes (Wien: Urban & Schwarzenberg) 1-14."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_4_1","unstructured":"Benedikt M. (1875b) Zur Anthropologie des Verbrecher: Vortrag gehalten in der 2 allgemeine Sitzung der Naturforscherversammlung zu Graz (21 September 1875). In M. Benedikt Zur Psychophysik der Moral und des Rechtes (Wien: Urban & Schwarzenberg) 15-38."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_5_1","unstructured":"Benedikt M. (1876) Zur Naturgeschichte des Verbrechens. Vortrag gehalten in der Wiener juristischen Gesellschaft am 28 Dezember 1875. Juristische Bl\u00e4tter 4-6 21-3 33-4."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_6_1","unstructured":"Benedikt M. (1879) Anatomische Studien an Verbrecher-gehirnen f\u00fcr Anthropologen Mediciner Juristen und Psychologen bearbeitet (Wien: Braum\u00fcller)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_7_1","unstructured":"Benedikt M. (1880) Ueber den heutige Stand der Anatomie der Verbrechergehirne Vortrag gehalten am 16. J\u00e4nner 1880 in der Juristischen Gesellschaft. Wiener medizinische Presse 21: 236-38 268-70."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_1","volume-title":"Anatomical Studies upon Brains of Criminals. A\n                    Contribution to Anthropology, Medicine, Jurisprudence, and Psychology","author":"Benedikt, M.","year":"1881","unstructured":"Benedikt, M. (1881a) Anatomical Studies upon Brains of Criminals. A Contribution to Anthropology, Medicine, Jurisprudence, and Psychology ( New York: Wood & Co. ;"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_2","unstructured":"reprinted by Dacapo Press New York 1981)"},{"key":"e_1_2_2_8_3","unstructured":"originally published as Anatomische Studien an Verbrecher-gehirnen... (see Benedikt 1879)."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_9_1","first-page":"631","volume-title":"Transactions of the International Medical Congress: seventh\n                    session held in London","author":"Benedikt, M.","unstructured":"Benedikt, M. (1881b) The brains of criminals . In Transactions of the International Medical Congress: seventh session held in London, August 2nd to 9th, 1881, Vol. III (London: Kolckmann), 631-632 ."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_10_1","unstructured":"Benedikt M. (1883a) Zur Lehre von der Lokalisation der Gehirnfunktionen. Wiener Klinik 9 101-40."},{"key":"e_1_2_2_11_1","unstructured":"Benedikt M. (1883b) Zur Frage der Verbrecher-Gehirne. Offenes Schreiben an Herrn Prof. C. Giacomini in Turin. 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