{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:14:54Z","timestamp":1777680894190,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]],"date-time":"2005-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1109635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2005,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Two hundred years ago Joseph Cox published his book on the treatment of insanity. His novel technique was rotating the body in a specially designed chair. Initially modest and later extravagant claims were made for the therapeutic benefit of \u2018Cox\u2019s chair\u2019. It was widely adopted in Europe in the first decades of the nineteenth century, but lost favour thereafter. Its benefits have proved to be scientific rather than medical because it was adopted by students of the senses to investigate vertigo; a century later it re-emerged as the B\u00e1r\u00e1ny chair for the clinical assessment of vestibular function. The legacy of Cox\u2019s chair, and its related treatment of swinging, are to be found in funfairs throughout the world.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x05046093","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,21]],"date-time":"2005-02-21T16:25:40Z","timestamp":1109003140000},"page":"73-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Cox\u2019s chair: \u2018a moral and a medical mean in the treatment                 of maniacs\u2019"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"16","author":[{"given":"Nicholas J.","family":"Wade","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Dundee"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"U.","family":"Norrsell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"G\u00f6teborg University"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Presly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,3,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","unstructured":"B\u00e1r\u00e1ny, R. (1906) Untersuchungen \u00fcber den vom\n                Vestibularapparat des Ohres reflektorisch ausgel\u00f6sten rhythmischen\n                Nystagmus und seine Begleiterscheinungen.\n                      Monatsschrift f\u00fcr\n                Ohrenheilkunde\n                      , 40, 193\u2013297."},{"key":"atypb2","volume-title":"History of Scottish Medicine","author":"Comrie, J. D.","year":"1932","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"Practical Observations on Insanity","author":"Cox, J. M.","year":"1804"},{"key":"atypb4","unstructured":"Cox, J. M. (1811)\n                      Praktische Bemerkungen \u00fcber\n                Geisterszerr\u00fcttung\n                      (Halle: Renger)."},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Practical Observations on Insanity","author":"Cox, J. M.","year":"1813","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb6","volume-title":"Zoonomia; or, the Laws of Organic Life","author":"Darwin, E.","year":"1794"},{"key":"atypb7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/11770-000"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Zoonomia; or, the Laws of Organic Life","author":"Darwin, E.","year":"1801","edition":"3"},{"key":"atypb9","unstructured":"Engstr\u00f6m, G. (1833) Om Wadstena hospital.\n                      Svenska\n                    l\u00e4kares\u00e4llskapets handlingar\n                      , 12, 386\u2013410."},{"key":"atypb10","unstructured":"Engstr\u00f6m, G. (1835)\n                      Ber\u00e4ttelse afgifven till Kongl.\n                    Seraphimerordensgillet ang\u00e5ende \u00e5tskilliga\n                    utl\u00e4ndska hospitalsinr\u00e4ttningar och vansinnige personers\n                    behandling derst\u00e4des\n                      [Report submitted to the guild of the Royal\n                Order of the Seraphim regarding treatment of the insane at diverse foreign asylums]\n                (Stockholm: Samuel Rumstedt)."},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"An Enquiry into the Causes Producing the Extraordinary Addition to the Number of Insane, together with Extended Observations on the Cure of Insanity: with Hints as to the Better Management of Public Asylums","author":"Hallaran, W. S.","year":"1810"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"An Enquiry into the Causes Producing the Extraordinary Addition to the Number of Insane, together with Extended Observations on the Cure of Insanity: with Hints as to the Better Management of Public Asylums","author":"Hallaran, W. S.","year":"1818","edition":"2"},{"key":"atypb13","volume-title":"Magic: Stage Illusions and Scientific Diversions, including Trick Photography","author":"Hopkins, A. A.","year":"1898"},{"key":"atypb14","unstructured":"Horn, E. (1818) Beschreibung der in der Irrenanstalt des K\u00f6niglichen\n                Charit\u00e9-Krankenh\u00e4uses zu Berlin gebr\u00e4uchlichen\n                Drehmachinen, ihre Wirkung und Anwendung bei Geisteskranken.\n                      Zeitschrift\n                    f\u00fcr psychische Aerzte\n                      , 1, 219\u201330."},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Three Hundred Years of Psychiatry 1535\u20131860. A History Presented in Selected English Texts","author":"Hunter, R.","year":"1963"},{"key":"atypb16","volume-title":"J. E. Purkyne\u2019 [1787\u20131869] Physiologist. A Short Account of his Contributions to the Progress of Physiology with a Bibliography of his Works","author":"Kruta, V.","year":"1969"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"The SK & F History of British Psychiatry, 1700 to the Present","author":"Lader, M.","year":"1975"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"Grundlinien der Lehre von den Bewegungsempfindungen","author":"Mach, E.","year":"1875"},{"key":"atypb19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00fcller, C. (1998) Die Drehmaschinen in der Geschichte der\n                Psychiatrie.\n                      Gesnerus,\n                      55, 17\u201332.","DOI":"10.1163\/22977953-0550102003"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Porter, R. (1987)\n                      Mind-Forg\u2019d Manacles\n                      (London: Athlone Press)."},{"key":"atypb21","unstructured":"Purkinje, J. (1820) Beytr\u00e4ge zur n\u00e4heren Kenntniss des\n                Schwindels aus heautognostischen Daten.\n                      Medicinische Jahrb\u00fccher des\n                    kaiserlich-k\u00f6niglichen \u00f6esterreichischen Staates\n                      , 6, 79\u2013125."},{"key":"atypb22","volume-title":"History of Dundee Royal Lunatic Asylum 1820\u20131870","author":"Rorie, J.","year":"1912"},{"key":"atypb23","unstructured":"S\u00f6derstr\u00f6m, M. (1930) Sinnessjukv\u00e5rden vid\n                Vadstena hospital under sjuttonhundra-och f\u00f6rsta h\u00e4lften av\n                adertonhundratalen [The care of insane persons at Vadstena hospital in the\n                eighteenth and first half of the nineteenth centuries].\n                      Hygiea\n                      , 92, 49\u201395."},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.3233\/VES-2000-10301","volume":"10","author":"Wade, N. J.","year":"2000","journal-title":"Journal of Vestibular Research"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4615-0213-5"},{"key":"atypb26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1068\/p3110ed"},{"key":"atypb27","volume-title":"An Essay upon Single Vision with Two Eyes: Together with Experiments and Observations on Several Other Subjects in Optics","author":"Wells, W. C.","year":"1792"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"A History of the Centrifuge in Aerospace Medicine","author":"White, W. 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