{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:17:11Z","timestamp":1777681031289,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]],"date-time":"2009-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1242777600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Association between migration and mental illness is widely reported. This study aimed to gain insight into the mental health of Irish migrants into Britain in the years 1843\u201453. Casebooks from the period were examined for Irish ethnicity, and clinical profiles were compared with those of age-matched control samples. Irish-born patients were found to have a greater proportion of diagnoses of mania than controls (p \u2264 0.01). They were more likely to be admitted for 12 months or longer (p \u2264 0.001) and more likely to receive religious attributions for illnesses by the treating physician. The more common diagnosis of mania in the Irish group can be explained in terms of the effects of migration, differences in idioms of distress, or in terms of prejudice.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x08091817","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]],"date-time":"2009-05-20T12:05:29Z","timestamp":1242821129000},"page":"184-198","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Bethlem's Irish: migration and distress in nineteenth-century London"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Vishal","family":"Bhavsar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"King's College, London Medical School"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Bhugra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Psychiatry, London,"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"A History of Bethlem","author":"Andrews, J.","year":"1997"},{"issue":"3","key":"atypb2","first-page":"91","volume":"24","author":"Balarajan, R.","year":"1992","journal-title":"Health Trends"},{"key":"atypb3","unstructured":"Banks, J. (1978) The social structure of the nineteenth century as seen through census. In R. Lawton (ed.), The Census and Social Structure (London: Cass), 179-223."},{"key":"atypb4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0001-690X.2003.00246.x"},{"key":"atypb5","volume-title":"Psychiatry in Multi-Cultural Britain","author":"Bhugra, D.","year":"2000"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291797005369"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"A Manual of Psychological Medicine: Containing the Lunacy Laws, the Nosology, Aetiology, Statistics, Description, Diagnosis, Pathology, and Treatment of Insanity","author":"Bucknill, J.C.","year":"1874"},{"key":"atypb8","volume-title":"Chartism","author":"Carlyle, T.","year":"1840"},{"key":"atypb9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.6.475"},{"key":"atypb10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01788193"},{"key":"atypb11","volume-title":"Anglo-Saxons and Celts: A Study of Anti-Irish Prejudice in Victorian England","author":"Curtis, L.P.","year":"1968"},{"key":"atypb12","volume-title":"Apes and Angels: The Irishman in Victorian Caricature","author":"Curtis, L.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00584009"},{"key":"atypb14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-21644-4"},{"key":"atypb15","volume-title":"Insanity and the Insane in Post-famine Ireland","author":"Finnane, M.","year":"1981"},{"issue":"519","key":"atypb16","first-page":"739","volume":"55","author":"Fitzpatrick, M.","year":"2005","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"atypb17","volume-title":"The English in Ireland in the 18th Century","author":"Froude, J.A.","year":"1874"},{"key":"atypb18","volume-title":"General Report of the Royal Hospitals of Bridewell and Bethlem, and of the House of Occupations: for the year ending 31st December","year":"1843"},{"key":"atypb19","volume-title":"Geography for Children","year":"1780"},{"key":"atypb20","unstructured":"Gilley, S. (1978) English attitudes to the Irish, 1780-1900. In C. Holmes (ed.), Immigrants and Minorities in British Society (London: Allen and Unwin), 81-110."},{"key":"atypb21","volume-title":"Religion, Class and Identity: The State, the Catholic Church and the Education of the Irish in Britain","author":"Hickman, M.J.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2004.06.006"},{"key":"atypb23","volume-title":"Yeast","author":"Kingsley, C.","year":"1851"},{"key":"atypb24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(99)80742-1"},{"key":"atypb25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540269974348"},{"key":"atypb26","volume-title":"Exiles of Erin: The Irish in the Victorian City","author":"Lees, L.H.","year":"1979"},{"key":"atypb27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.129.5.428"},{"key":"atypb28","volume-title":"The Science of Phrenology","author":"Lyons, J.C.","year":"1846"},{"key":"atypb29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-349-27344-7"},{"key":"atypb30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.141.5.459"},{"key":"atypb31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.147.4.434"},{"key":"atypb32","volume-title":"Outlines of Lectures on Mental Diseases","author":"Morison, A.","year":"1826"},{"key":"atypb33","volume-title":"Ethnicity and Mental Health","author":"Nazroo, J.Y.","year":"1997"},{"key":"atypb34","first-page":"463","volume":"171","author":"Neeleman, J.","year":"1997","journal-title":"A three-year survey of inner London. British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"atypb35","first-page":"1","volume":"4","author":"\u00d6degaard, O.","year":"1932","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatrica et Neurologica Scandinavica, Supplement"},{"key":"atypb36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-5618.2006.00279.x"},{"key":"atypb37","volume-title":"Fools and Mad","author":"Robins, J.","year":"1986"},{"key":"atypb38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.4-1-77"},{"key":"atypb39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.178.40.s60"},{"key":"atypb40","volume-title":"Dublin - The Fair City","author":"Somerville-Large, P.","year":"1996"},{"key":"atypb41","volume-title":"Ethnic Minority Psychiatric Illness Rates in the Community - Quantitative Report","author":"Sproston, K.","year":"2002"},{"key":"atypb42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.186.6.540"},{"key":"atypb43","volume-title":"A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine: Giving the Definition, Etymology and Synonyms of the Terms used in Medical Psychology with the Symptoms, Treatment and Pathology of Insanity; and the Law of Lunacy in Great Britain and Ireland","author":"Tuke, D. H.","year":"1892"},{"key":"atypb44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00785759"}],"container-title":["History of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0957154X08091817","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0957154X08091817","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:38:39Z","timestamp":1777451919000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0957154X08091817"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0957154X08091817"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0957154x08091817","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-154X","1740-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-154X","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,5,20]]}}}