{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T10:30:17Z","timestamp":1782815417677,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,1]],"date-time":"2014-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1393632000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This paper examines factors involved in the theory and practice of emergency sedation for behavioural disturbance in psychiatry in the mid-twentieth century, and the emergence of the concept of \u2018rapid tranquillisation\u2019. The practice received little attention until the arrival of antipsychotic drugs, which replaced older sedatives and became the agents most strongly associated with the treatment of aggression and challenging behaviour. Emergency sedation was subsequently portrayed in psychiatric literature and advertising as a therapeutic and diagnosis-driven endeavour, and the concept of rapid tranquillisation emerged in this context in the 1970s. Use of non-antipsychotic sedatives, like the benzodiazepines, is barely visible in contemporary sources, and the research suggests that antipsychotics became the mainstay of rapid tranquillisation strategies because of beliefs about their specific therapeutic properties in psychosis and schizophrenia, and not because of demonstrated superiority over other agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x13512573","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,4]],"date-time":"2014-03-04T10:15:53Z","timestamp":1393928153000},"page":"57-69","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["\u2018Rapid tranquillisation\u2019: an historical perspective on its emergence in the context of the development of antipsychotic medications"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Allison","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Camden and Islington Mental Health Foundation Trust, London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Moncrieff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0957154X13512573","volume":"136","author":"Droleptan","year":"1980","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr2-0957154X13512573","volume":"126","author":"Fentazin","year":"1975","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr3-0957154X13512573","first-page":"iv","volume":"107","author":"Largactil","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr4-0957154X13512573","first-page":"v","volume":"107","author":"Majeptil","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr5-0957154X13512573","first-page":"111","author":"Neulactil","year":"1965","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr6-0957154X13512573","first-page":"iii","volume":"116","author":"Neulactil","year":"1970","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr7-0957154X13512573","first-page":"444","volume":"127","author":"Opsolot","year":"1975","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr8-0957154X13512573","first-page":"vii","volume":"103","author":"Pacatal","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr9-0957154X13512573","volume":"101","author":"Reserpine","year":"1955","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr10-0957154X13512573","first-page":"vi","volume":"102","author":"Reserpine","year":"1956","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr11-0957154X13512573","first-page":"xviii","volume":"107","author":"Serenace","year":"1961","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr12-0957154X13512573","first-page":"xvi","volume":"109","author":"Serenace","year":"1963","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr13-0957154X13512573","first-page":"xiii","volume":"111","author":"Serenace","year":"1965","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr14-0957154X13512573","first-page":"111","author":"Serenace","year":"1965","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr15-0957154X13512573","first-page":"vi","volume":"126","author":"Serenace","year":"1975","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr16-0957154X13512573","first-page":"vii","volume":"99","author":"Soneryl","year":"1953","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr17-0957154X13512573","first-page":"vi","volume":"103","author":"Sparine","year":"1957","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr18-0957154X13512573","first-page":"i","volume":"105","author":"Stelazine","year":"1959","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr19-0957154X13512573","first-page":"i","volume":"105","author":"Stelazine","year":"1959","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Science"},{"key":"bibr20-0957154X13512573","first-page":"iv","volume":"108","author":"Stelazine","year":"1962","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr21-0957154X13512573","first-page":"iv","volume":"111","author":"Stelazine","year":"1965","journal-title":"British Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"bibr22-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.1.63"},{"key":"bibr23-0957154X13512573","first-page":"1","author":"Allen MH","year":"2001","journal-title":"Postgraduate Medicine"},{"key":"bibr24-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4899-2969-3"},{"key":"bibr25-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197502000-00004"},{"key":"bibr26-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1525\/9780520917934"},{"key":"bibr27-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/pb.bp.108.023762"},{"key":"bibr28-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.131.3.310"},{"issue":"8","key":"bibr29-0957154X13512573","first-page":"478","volume":"14","author":"Fann WE","year":"1972","journal-title":"Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental"},{"key":"bibr30-0957154X13512573","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration (2007) Drug saftey information for healthcare professionals. Accessed (4 Dec. 2013) at: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/Drugs\/DrugSafety\/PostmarketDrugSafetyInformationforPatientsandProviders\/DrugSafetyInformationforHeathcareProfessionals\/ucm085203.htm."},{"key":"bibr31-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(68)71897-1"},{"key":"bibr32-0957154X13512573","first-page":"638","volume":"49","author":"Freed ED","year":"1975","journal-title":"South African Medical Journal"},{"key":"bibr33-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154X0001104405"},{"key":"bibr34-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Henderson D","year":"1927"},{"key":"bibr35-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Henderson D","year":"1956","edition":"8"},{"key":"bibr36-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Henderson D","year":"1962","edition":"9"},{"key":"bibr37-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"Textbook of Psychiatry","author":"Henderson D","year":"1969","edition":"10"},{"key":"bibr38-0957154X13512573","first-page":"418","volume":"122","author":"Hoell NL","year":"1975","journal-title":"Western Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"bibr39-0957154X13512573","first-page":"168","volume":"27","author":"King C","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience"},{"key":"bibr40-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.112.108605"},{"key":"bibr41-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197502000-00002"},{"key":"bibr42-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3182(73)71377-3"},{"key":"bibr43-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jhbs.20103"},{"key":"bibr44-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Meyer-Gross W","year":"1954"},{"key":"bibr45-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Meyer-Gross W","year":"1960","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr46-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154X9901004004"},{"key":"bibr47-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"The Myth of the Chemical Cure; A Critique of Psychiatric Drug Treatment","author":"Moncrieff J","year":"2009"},{"key":"bibr48-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0964704X.2012.664847"},{"key":"bibr49-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197502000-00006"},{"key":"bibr50-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"Violence. The Short Term Management of Disturbed\/Violent Behaviour in In-patient Psychiatric Settings and Emergency Departments","author":"NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence)","year":"2005"},{"key":"bibr51-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.128.5.640"},{"key":"bibr52-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powney MJ, Adams CE, Jones H (2012) Haloperidol for psychosis-induced aggression or agitation (rapid tranquillisation). Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Issue 11. Accessed (5 Jan. 2013) at: http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/14651858.CD009377.pub2\/abstract.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD009377.pub2"},{"key":"bibr53-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Slater E","year":"1969","edition":"3"},{"key":"bibr54-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurpsyc.1957.02330310096016"},{"key":"bibr55-0957154X13512573","volume-title":"The Maudsley Prescribing Guidelines","author":"Taylor D","year":"2012","edition":"11"},{"key":"bibr56-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7417.708"},{"key":"bibr57-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.3.399"},{"key":"bibr58-0957154X13512573","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5811\/westjem.2011.9.6866"}],"container-title":["History of Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0957154X13512573","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0957154X13512573","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0957154X13512573","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T08:39:33Z","timestamp":1777451973000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0957154X13512573"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0957154X13512573"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0957154x13512573","relation":{},"ISSN":["0957-154X","1740-2360"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0957-154X","type":"print"},{"value":"1740-2360","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3]]}}}