{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T00:27:54Z","timestamp":1777681674349,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547164800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The State Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville, Morgan County, Illinois, was the first public hospital of its kind to be established in the state and among the earliest to be built on the \u2018Kirkbride Plan\u2019. It opened for patients in 1851. We describe the background to the establishment of the hospital and, so far as is possible from publicly available sources, its catchment area, the nature of the patients held there up to 1880, its mechanisms of discharge, and supposed causes of death. We end with a plea that after over 150 years, the release of hospital casebooks and similar records in digital form would be of considerable benefit to historians of psychology, scientific biographers, genealogists and demographers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x18821059","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]],"date-time":"2019-01-11T09:40:38Z","timestamp":1547199638000},"page":"150-171","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Through a glass darkly: patients of the Illinois State Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville, USA (1854\u201380)"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Richard J","family":"Howarth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University College London, UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shirley A","family":"Aleguas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genealogist, Waverly, IL, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Laws of the State of Illinois, passed by the Fifteenth General Assembly, at their session, begun and held in the city of Springfield. December 7, 1846","author":"Anonymous","year":"1847"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr2-0957154X18821059.1","unstructured":"Anonymous (ed.) (1852) Third Biennial Report of the Trustees, Superintendent, and Treasurer of the Illinois State Hospital for the Insane at Jacksonville, for the years 1851-'52. Lanphier, IL: Springfield & Walker"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr2-0957154X18821059.2","unstructured":"reprinted in Anon. 1863: 93-142."},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr3-0957154X18821059.1","unstructured":"Anonymous (ed.) (1854) Fourth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, December, 1854. Springfield, IL: Lanphier & Walker"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr3-0957154X18821059.2","unstructured":"reprinted in Anon. 1863: 143-180."},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr4-0957154X18821059.1","unstructured":"Anonymous (ed.) (1856) Fifth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, December, 1856. Chicago: C. Scott"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr4-0957154X18821059.2","unstructured":"reprinted in Anon. 1863: 181-232."},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr5-0957154X18821059.1","unstructured":"Anonymous (ed.) (1859) Sixth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, December, 1858. Chicago: C. Scott"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr5-0957154X18821059.2","unstructured":"reprinted in Anon. 1863: 233-280."},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr6-0957154X18821059.1","unstructured":"Anonymous (ed.) (1861) Seventh Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, December, 1860. Springfield, IL: Bailhache & Baker"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr6-0957154X18821059.2","unstructured":"reprinted in Anon. 1863: 281-326."},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr7-0957154X18821059.1","unstructured":"Anonymous (ed.) (1862) Eighth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, December, 1862. Springfield, IL: Baker & Phillips"},{"key":"#cr-split#-bibr7-0957154X18821059.2","unstructured":"reprinted in Anon. 1863: 327-381."},{"key":"bibr8-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Reports of the Illinois State Hospital for the Insane. 1847\u20131862","author":"Anonymous","year":"1863"},{"key":"bibr9-0957154X18821059","first-page":"81","volume-title":"Reports made to the General Assembly of Illinois, at its twenty-fourth session, convened January 2, 1865. Volume II","author":"Anonymous","year":"1865"},{"key":"bibr10-0957154X18821059","first-page":"487","volume-title":"Reports made to the General Assembly of Illinois, at its twenty-fifth session, convened January 7, 1867. Volume II","author":"Anonymous","year":"1867"},{"key":"bibr11-0957154X18821059","first-page":"669","volume-title":"Reports made to the General Assembly of Illinois, at its twenty-sixth session, convened January 4, 1869. Volume I","author":"Anonymous","year":"1869"},{"key":"bibr12-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Annual Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, December, A.D. 1870","author":"Anonymous","year":"1870"},{"key":"bibr13-0957154X18821059","first-page":"102","volume-title":"First Biennial Report of the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities of the State of Illinois. Presented to the Governor, December 1870","author":"Anonymous","year":"1871"},{"key":"bibr14-0957154X18821059","first-page":"39","volume-title":"First Biennial Report of the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities of the State of Illinois. Presented to the Governor, December 1870","author":"Anonymous","year":"1871"},{"key":"bibr15-0957154X18821059","first-page":"166","volume-title":"Second Biennial Report of the Board of State Commissioners of Public Charities of the State of Illinois. Presented to the Governor, December, 1872","author":"Anonymous","year":"1873"},{"key":"bibr16-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Thirteenth Biennial Report of the Trustees, Superintendent and Treasurer of the Illinois Hospital for the Insane, at Jacksonville. December, A.D. 1872","author":"Anonymous","year":"1873"},{"key":"bibr17-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Thirteenth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, December, A.D. 1872","author":"Anonymous (ed.) (ed.)","year":"1873"},{"key":"bibr18-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Fourteenth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, December, A.D. 1874","author":"Anonymous","year":"1874"},{"key":"bibr19-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Fifteenth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, October 1st, 1876","author":"Anonymous","year":"1877"},{"key":"bibr20-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Sixteenth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, October 1, 1878","author":"Anonymous","year":"1878"},{"key":"bibr21-0957154X18821059","first-page":"175","volume-title":"Reports to the General Assembly of Illinois at its Thirty-First Regular Session. Convened January 8, 1879. Volume 3","author":"Anonymous","year":"1879"},{"key":"bibr22-0957154X18821059","first-page":"214","volume-title":"Reports to the General Assembly of Illinois at its Thirty-First Regular Session. Convened January 8, 1879. Volume 3","author":"Anonymous","year":"1879"},{"key":"bibr23-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Seventeenth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, October 1st, 1880","author":"Anonymous","year":"1880"},{"key":"bibr24-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Eighteenth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, October 1st, 1882","author":"Anonymous","year":"1882"},{"key":"bibr25-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Nineteenth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, October 1, 1884","author":"Anonymous","year":"1884"},{"key":"bibr26-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Twentieth Biennial Report \u00b7\u00b7\u00b7, October 1, 1886","author":"Anonymous","year":"1886"},{"key":"bibr27-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Twenty-fourth Biennial Report \u2026 July 1, 1894","author":"Anonymous","year":"1894"},{"key":"bibr28-0957154X18821059","first-page":"19","volume-title":"Thirteenth Biennial Report of the Trustees, Superintendent and Treasurer of the Illinois State Hospital for the Insane, at Jacksonville. 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Report on Insanity and Idiocy in Massachusetts by the Commission on Lunacy, under Resolve of the Legislature of 1854","author":"Lincoln L","year":"1855"},{"key":"bibr61-0957154X18821059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/014107688808100207"},{"key":"bibr62-0957154X18821059","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7228\/manchester\/9780719077142.001.0001"},{"key":"bibr63-0957154X18821059","first-page":"787","volume-title":"A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine \u2026","author":"Mercier C","year":"1892"},{"key":"bibr64-0957154X18821059","first-page":"519","volume-title":"A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine \u2026","author":"Mickle WJ","year":"1892"},{"key":"bibr65-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Dorothea Dix: Advocate for Mental Health Care","author":"Muckenhoupt M","year":"2003"},{"key":"bibr66-0957154X18821059","first-page":"759","volume-title":"A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine \u2026","author":"Norman C","year":"1892"},{"key":"bibr67-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"The Prisoners\u2019 Hidden Life or Insane Asylums Unveiled: as demonstrated by the Report of the Investigating Committee of the Legislature of Illinois together with Mrs. Packard\u2019s Coadjutors\u2019 Testimony","author":"Packard EPW","year":"1868"},{"key":"bibr68-0957154X18821059","first-page":"159","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Association of Medical Superintendents","volume":"31","author":"Ranney M","year":"1874"},{"key":"bibr69-0957154X18821059","first-page":"348","volume-title":"A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine \u2026","author":"Shaw TC","year":"1892"},{"key":"bibr70-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"A Dictionary of Psychological Medicine giving the Definition, Etymology and Synonyms of the Terms used in Medical Psychology with the Symptoms, Treatment, and Pathology of Insanity and the Law of Lunacy in Great Britain and Ireland","author":"Tuke DH","year":"1892"},{"key":"bibr71-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"Exploratory Data Analysis","author":"Tukey JW","year":"1977"},{"key":"bibr72-0957154X18821059","volume-title":"A Diagnostic Analysis of the Casebooks of Ticehurst House Asylum, 1845\u20131890. 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