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This article explores the disputes around the display of the electroshock apparatus prototype in the summer of 1964 and sheds new light on the triangle of personalities that shaped its future: Karl and William Menninger, two key figures of American psychiatry in Topeka; their competitor, Adalberto Pazzini, the founder of the Sapienza Museum of the History of Medicine in Rome; and, between them, Lucio Bini, one of the original inventors of ECT, who died unexpectedly that summer.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x20916147","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]],"date-time":"2020-04-20T05:53:58Z","timestamp":1587362038000},"page":"311-324","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The electroshock triangle: disputes about the ECT apparatus prototype and its display in the 1960s"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Elisabetta","family":"Sirgiovanni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Aruta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sapienza University of Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"bibr1-0957154X20916147","first-page":"24","volume":"4","author":"Abrams R","year":"1988","journal-title":"Convulsive Therapy"},{"key":"bibr2-0957154X20916147","first-page":"38","volume":"14","author":"Accornero F","year":"1970","journal-title":"Pagine di Storia della Medicina"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr3-0957154X20916147","first-page":"40","volume":"4","author":"Accornero F","year":"1988","journal-title":"Convulsive Therapy"},{"key":"bibr4-0957154X20916147","first-page":"12","author":"Anonymous","year":"1961","journal-title":"Il Corriere della Sera"},{"key":"bibr5-0957154X20916147","first-page":"7","author":"Anonymous","year":"1961","journal-title":"Il Corriere della Sera"},{"key":"bibr6-0957154X20916147","first-page":"4","author":"Anonymous","year":"1964","journal-title":"Il Messaggero"},{"key":"bibr7-0957154X20916147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0025727300005482"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr8-0957154X20916147","first-page":"263","volume":"18","author":"Aruta A","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicina Nei Secoli"},{"key":"bibr9-0957154X20916147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30877\/IJMH.2.1.2015.8-18"},{"key":"bibr10-0957154X20916147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00160-9"},{"key":"bibr11-0957154X20916147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154X9700802908"},{"key":"bibr12-0957154X20916147","first-page":"2","author":"Bertagnoni A","year":"1943","journal-title":"Il Corriere della Sera"},{"key":"bibr13-0957154X20916147","first-page":"5","author":"Besozzi T","year":"1956","journal-title":"Corriere d\u2019informazione"},{"key":"bibr14-0957154X20916147","first-page":"5","author":"Besozzi T","year":"1956","journal-title":"Il Corriere dell\u2019Informazione"},{"key":"bibr15-0957154X20916147","first-page":"121","volume":"39","author":"Bini L","year":"1937","journal-title":"Archives Suisses de Neurologie et de Psychiatrie"},{"key":"bibr16-0957154X20916147","first-page":"190","volume":"23","author":"Bonn EM","year":"1959","journal-title":"Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic"},{"key":"bibr17-0957154X20916147","first-page":"5","volume":"1","author":"Cerletti U","year":"1947","journal-title":"Il Lavoro Neuropsichiatrico"},{"key":"bibr18-0957154X20916147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.107.2.87"},{"key":"bibr19-0957154X20916147","first-page":"53","volume-title":"Ugo Cerletti: Scritti sull\u2019elettroshock","author":"Cerletti U","year":"2006"},{"key":"bibr20-0957154X20916147","first-page":"169","volume-title":"Ugo Cerletti: Scritti sull\u2019elettroshock","author":"Cerletti U","year":"2006"},{"issue":"2","key":"bibr21-0957154X20916147","first-page":"1","volume":"64","author":"Cerletti U","year":"1940","journal-title":"Rivista Sperimentale di Freniatria"},{"key":"bibr22-0957154X20916147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09540261.2018.1436662"},{"key":"bibr23-0957154X20916147","first-page":"18","volume":"26","author":"Chiauzzi A","year":"1934","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr24-0957154X20916147","first-page":"1","volume":"52","author":"Coccanari De Fornari MA","year":"2017","journal-title":"Rivista di Psichiatria"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr25-0957154X20916147","first-page":"297","volume":"18","author":"Conforti M","year":"2006","journal-title":"Medicina Nei Secoli"},{"key":"bibr26-0957154X20916147","volume-title":"La razionalit\u00e0 negata. 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