{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T06:55:12Z","timestamp":1791442512580,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1618444800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Herodotus\u2019s enigmatic Scythian theleia nousos\/morbus femininus and its Hippocratic interpretation interested many early modern authors. Its seeming dimension of transgender identification invited various medico-psychological and psychiatric reflections, culminating in nosologist de Sauvages\u2019 tentative 1731 term, melancholia Scytharum. This article identifies pertinent discussions and what turn out to have been entangled, tentative psychologizations in late-seventeenth through mid-nineteenth-century mental medicine: of \u2018effeminacy of manners\u2019 ( mollities animi such as observed in London\u2019s Beaux and mollies) and male homosexuality ( amour antiphysique\/grec); of the mental masculinity of some women ( viragines, Amazones); of ubiquitous attributions of impotence to sorcery ( anaphrodisia magica); and lastly, of transfeminine persons encountered throughout the New World and increasingly beyond.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x211006253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]],"date-time":"2021-04-15T14:34:09Z","timestamp":1618497249000},"page":"270-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["<i>Melancholia Scytharum<\/i>\n                    : the early modern psychiatry of transgender identification"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Diederik F","family":"Janssen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maastricht University (external PhD programme), The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0957154X211006253","first-page":"75","volume":"6","author":"Acoluth J","year":"1689","journal-title":"Miscellanea curiosa sive ephemeridum medico-physicarum Germanicarum academi\u00e6 imperialis Leopoldin\u00e6 natur\u00e6 curiosorum"},{"key":"bibr2-0957154X211006253","volume-title":"De la M\u00e9lancolie; th\u00e8se","author":"Anceaume FH","year":"1818"},{"key":"bibr3-0957154X211006253","volume-title":"Lettres de Mr de St.-Andr\u00e9","author":"Andr\u00e9 F","year":"1725"},{"key":"bibr4-0957154X211006253","volume-title":"Les \u0152uvres d\u2019Hippocrate","volume":"2","author":"Anonymous","year":"1697"},{"key":"bibr5-0957154X211006253","volume-title":"An Account of the Progress of an Epidemical Madness. 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