{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T13:42:38Z","timestamp":1786628558541,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":77,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1786406400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This article uses Anne Sexton\u2019s therapy by Martin T. Orne as a frame for investigating and contextualising the unusual therapeutic rationale that lay behind her treatment. The rationale had three sources: the results of Orne\u2019s experimental psychological research, particularly the \u2018demand characteristics of social psychology experiments\u2019; the functional sociology of Robert Merton and Talcott Parsons; and the influence of Jerome D. Frank\u2019s concept of \u2018effective hope\u2019. Unpacking this story builds on the work of a number of historians who have destabilised one of the major binaries that has shaped historiographical interpretations of post-war psychiatry (i.e. biological psychiatry\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">vs<\/jats:italic>\n                    Freudianism), opens up a space for further investigations of interdisciplinarity in psychiatry, while providing a better understanding of why Orne treated Sexton the way he did.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x261467304","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]],"date-time":"2026-08-11T09:34:27Z","timestamp":1786440867000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Demanding characteristics: Psychiatry, psychology and the social sciences in Martin T. Orne\u2019s therapy of Anne Sexton"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4146-471X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James","family":"Bradley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susan","family":"Bradley Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_1","volume-title":"The Authoritarian Personality","author":"Adorno TW","year":"1950","unstructured":"Adorno TW, Frenkel-Brunswick E, Levinson DJ, et al. (1950) The Authoritarian Personality. Harper."},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1744-859X-5-11"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_1","unstructured":"Barnes M (1984 April 16). 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