{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T12:06:07Z","timestamp":1791201967059,"version":"4.2.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"30","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]],"date-time":"1997-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":865123200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hist Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1997,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>As with other clinical phenomena, the historical analysis of the term, concepts and behaviours involved in the construction of 'depersonalization' should provide researchers with an essential frame for its empirical study, Before the term was coined in 1898, and under a variety of names, behaviours typical of 'depersonalization' were reported by Esquirol, Zeller, Billod, and Griesinger. The word d\u00e9personnalisation derived from a usage in Amiel's Journal intime, was first used in a technical sense by Ludovic Dugas. The new disorder has since been explained as resulting from pathological changes in the sensory system, memory, affect, body image and self-experience. During the 1930s, evolutionary views became popular, particularly in the work of Mayer-Gross. The unclear conceptual boundaries of depersonalization still invite confusion and often enough fragments of what used to be its core-behaviour are used to diagnose the disorder. Depersonalization has of late become subsumed under the dissociative disorders. The definitional instability of the latter, however, has caused further complications to the study of depersonalization. It is recommended that the term is used to refer only to the original core-behaviour as this has shown adequate stability.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0957154x9700803002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,11]],"date-time":"2007-03-11T03:55:10Z","timestamp":1173585310000},"page":"213-229","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Depersonalization: a conceptual history"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"M.","family":"Sierra","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.E.","family":"Berrios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[1997,6,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","volume-title":"American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","year":"1994"},{"key":"atypb2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511526725"},{"key":"atypb3","volume-title":"The History of Clinical Psychiatry","author":"Berrios, G.E.","year":"1995"},{"key":"atypb4","volume-title":"Die Pathologie und Therapie der psychischen Krankheiten","author":"Griesinger, W.","year":"1845"},{"key":"atypb5","first-page":"515","author":"Zeller A.","year":"1938","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f\u00fcr die Beurtheilung und Heilung der krankhafte Seelenzust\u00e4nde"},{"key":"atypb6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.153.3.298"},{"key":"atypb7","volume-title":"Des Maladies mentales consid\u00e9r\u00e9es sous les rapports m\u00e9dical, hygienique et medico-legal","author":"Esquirol, J.E.","year":"1838"},{"key":"atypb8","first-page":"21","author":"Billod, M.","year":"1847","journal-title":"Annales Medico-Psychologiques"},{"key":"atypb9","first-page":"408","author":"Schmidt, P.","year":"1951","journal-title":"Annales M\u00e9dico-Psychologiques"},{"key":"atypb10","volume-title":"De la nevropathie cerebro-cardiaque","author":"Krishaber, M.","year":"1873"},{"key":"atypb11","unstructured":"Taine, H., De l'intelligence. Vol. II, 11 1 th edn ( Paris: Hachette, 1906)."},{"key":"atypb12","unstructured":"Ludovic (also Leon) Dugas was born on 22 December 1857. His place of birth remains unclear and both Portici (Italy) and Tarc\u00e9, Mayenne (France) have been mentioned. His death in 1943 passed almost unnoticed in France, and ignored everywhere else; and yet Dugas was, on account of the breadth and originality of his thinking, one of the great psychopathological writers of the early twentieth century. Together with Chaslin, S\u00e9glas, Ball, Ballet and others, he belonged to that great fin de siecle generation of French 'semiologists' silenced by the First World War. After studying at the Lyc\u00e9e Laval, Dugas attended the Universities of Rennes and Bordeaux, and obtained his doctorate on 1894 with a Latin thesis on De psittacisme. Then he trained as a psychologist under Ribot (Perret, G. (1942-1943), 'N\u00e9crologie. L Dugas (1857-1943)' Revue Philosophique N\u00b010-12, p.189; Anonymous. (no year), 'Dugas Luis'. In Enciclopedia Universal Ilustrada Europeo-Americana. Vol. XVIII (Madrid: Espasa Calpe), 2400; Perret, G. (1945), 'L'Oeuvre de L\u00e9on Dugas (1857-1943)'. Revue Philosophique, cv, 66-71; Anonymous (1945), 'L. Dugas'. L'Annee psychologique, x1i-x1ii, 665; for more biographical details see; Sierra, M. and Berrios, G.E. (1996), 'Introduction to 'A case of Depersonalization'. 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