{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T13:57:05Z","timestamp":1790517425543,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790035200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Journal of Vestibular Research"],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Motion sickness (MS) is an autonomic condition triggered by real or perceived movement. No single objective test reliably identifies MS susceptibility or explains its vestibular basis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare vHIT, SHIMP, and functional head impulse test (fHIT)\u2014with and without optokinetic stimulation\u2014in detecting vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) dysfunction in MS, and to examine links between MS susceptibility, dizziness-related handicap, and anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Thirty adults with MS and 30 healthy controls underwent vHIT, SHIMP, fHIT, and optokinetic fHIT (fHIT-OPK), along with the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire\u2013Short Form (MSSQ-SF), Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI), and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      VOR gain did not differ significantly between groups on vHIT or SHIMP. fHIT percentage of correct answer (CA%) were significantly lower in the MS group for the right anterior (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.049), left anterior (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.001), and right posterior (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.015) canals. fHIT-OPK revealed additional impairment in the right lateral canal (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.031). DHI and STAI scores were significantly elevated in the MS group. MSSQ-SF correlated strongly with DHI total (r = 0.914) and moderately with state and trait anxiety (r = 0.541 and 0.551, respectively).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>fHIT is more sensitive than vHIT and SHIMP in detecting VOR-related dysfunction in MS. Optokinetic stimulation unmasks visual-vestibular integration deficits. Subjective measures of handicap and anxiety should complement objective testing in this population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09574271261492459","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T17:55:02Z","timestamp":1790099702000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of vestibulo-ocular reflex in motion sickness: A comparison of vHIT, SHIMP, and functional head impulse test"],"prefix":"10.1177","author":[{"given":"Kubranur","family":"Bilgili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University Institute of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7108-9987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulce","family":"Kirazli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University Faculty of Health Sciences"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehmet Fatih","family":"Ogut","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ege University Faculty of Medicine"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2006.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00221-014-4008-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.12468"},{"key":"e_1_3_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000350185"},{"issue":"41","key":"e_1_3_7_6_2","first-page":"687","article-title":"The neurophysiology and treatment of motion sickness","volume":"115","author":"Koch A","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koch A, Cascorbi I, Westhofen M, et al. 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