{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:17:23Z","timestamp":1777465043923,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749686400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100023674","name":"Deanship of Scientific Research, King Khalid University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100023674","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Most Obstructive Sleep Apnoea (OSA) treatments use cross-sectional examination of the Upper Airways (UA) to determine decreasing gap and UA length. Surgery is detrimental to all OSA patients, stressing the need for better assessment.\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study integrates Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) with physical model validation to improve OSA prediction and turbulence model accuracy and dependability.\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The k-omega SST turbulence model is used to analyse OSA using CFD. SLS is used to build a physical model of the UA for CFD simulations. The UA's physical model is then compared to the OSA-recommended CFD turbulence model to verify simulation-physical reality coherence.\n                    <jats:bold>Result:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The average UA pressure differential decreases considerably after mandibular advancement surgery. The Turbulent Kinetic Energy (TKE) increases after surgery, indicating more turbulence. Cross-validation of the physical model confirms the OSA CFD turbulence simulation's validity.\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The study concludes that matching UA simulations with physical models improves OSA assessments. CFD with established physical models is a reliable method for assessing OSA therapy, especially surgical operations. The post-surgery increase in TKE needs more study to determine its effects on OSA treatment outcomes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09592989251341127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T23:50:52Z","timestamp":1749772252000},"page":"287-300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Upper airways modelling and validation of mandibular advancement surgery"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2247-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohd Faruq Abdul","family":"Latif","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Technology and Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia"},{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nik Nazri Nik","family":"Ghazali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"},{"name":"Faculty of Advanced Technology and Multidiscipline, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6587-1902","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"MF","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Unit, Hospital USM, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2481-2893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Norliza Binti","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral &amp; Maxillofacial Clinical Science, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roziana Mohd","family":"Razi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"TMYS Tuan","family":"Ya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Malaysia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2247-7999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irfan Anjum","family":"Badruddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarfaraz","family":"Kamangar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"ASA","family":"Zedan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abdul Azeem","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Islamic Technology, Universiti Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, Negara, Brunei Darussalam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_4_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2009.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199304293281704"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199004000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/math11010219"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smrv.2005.01.004"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(03)00508-0"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsm.12128"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00348-003-0636-7"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbiomech.2015.08.017"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cnm.3144"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1166\/jmihi.2020.2947"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1115\/1.3192137"},{"key":"e_1_3_4_14_2","unstructured":"Zhao M Barber T Cistulli P et al. 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