{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:09:21Z","timestamp":1787018961460,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757635200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of South China Innovation Foundation For Postgraduate","award":["No.193YXC008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.193YXC008"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Plan Funded Project of Hunan province","award":["No.2014FJ3134"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No.2014FJ3134"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Macrophages phagocytose large amounts of cholesterol to form foam cells that can aggravate inflammation and further promote the development of atherosclerotic plaque.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To develop novel nanocarriers targeting atherosclerosis-associated macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CD-G5 was obtained by modifying \u03b2-CD onto PAMAM G5.0, and subsequently PEG2000 was used as a linker arm to modify mannose onto PAMAM G5.0 of CD-G5 to obtain CD-G5-PEG-Man. CD-G5-PEG-Man was structurally characterized and evaluated in vitro for its cell biological functions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>CD-G5-PEG-Man had an average particle size of 110 nm and a regular spherical morphology. CD-G5-PEG-Man showed no significant toxicity to macrophages at all the experimental concentration gradients. Macrophages showed stronger uptake of the fluorescently labelled nanoparticle CD-G5-PEG-Man-FITC than CD-G5-FITC, and the fluorescence weakened with increasing free mannose. Intracellular BODIY-cholesterol fluorescence intensity was weaker in the 200 nM CD-G5-PEG-Man treatment group than in the 100 \u00b5M HP-\u03b2-CD, 100 nM CD-G5-PEG-Man, and DMSO treatment groups. The higher the amount of \u03b2-CD on the CD-G5-PEG-Man, the lower the fluorescence intensity of intracellular BODIY-cholesterol.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A biosafety nanocarrier, CD-G5-PEG-Man, was successfully developed, in which mannose specifically targets macrophages via mannose receptors on macrophages, and \u03b2-CD synergistically promotes cholesterol efflux from macrophages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09592989251375811","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,12]],"date-time":"2025-09-12T17:23:29Z","timestamp":1757697809000},"page":"50-61","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Targeted nanocarriers effectively remove cholesterol from 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