{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T12:17:48Z","timestamp":1777465068424,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768780800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Bio-Medical Materials and Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of mortality worldwide, with coronary artery bypass grafting being the most effective treatment for severe cases. While autografts are preferred, donor veins are often limited. Human umbilical arteries (hUAs) show promise as an alternative. However, to make vascular graft by decellularization, a traditional chemical method can damage tissue structure and function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aims to evaluate the shortening of treatment time and the hUA decellularization efficiency of the perfusion bioreactor systems.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>hUAs were perfused with 1% Triton X-100 for 6\u2005h, followed by two different concentrations of (0.5% and 1%) SDS for 18\u2005h, and subsequently subjected to a washing procedure. The decellularization process was evaluated using histological staining and DNA quantification, along with tests for cytotoxicity, cell adhesion and proliferation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 0.5% SDS protocol proved most effective, reducing residual DNA to below 50\u2005ng\/mg of dry weight while preserving collagen structure. It showed no cytotoxicity to L929 cells, SEM analysis confirmed human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) attachment and CCK-8 testing showed promoted HUVECs proliferation.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The decellularization protocol of perfusing through 1% TX for 6\u2005h and 0.5% SDS for 18\u2005h through the perfusion bioreactor system is efficient in the intact hUAs tissue. This sets the stage for future\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in vivo<\/jats:italic>\n                      studies and potential clinical applications.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09592989251397800","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]],"date-time":"2026-01-19T08:23:04Z","timestamp":1768810984000},"page":"74-81","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhanced decellularization efficiency in combination of low-concentration chemical and physical methods on the human umbilical arteries"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"37","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9406-4923","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nho Thuan","family":"Nguyen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2459-6623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tung Ngoc Hoang","family":"Pham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3582-3499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hoang Minh","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tuyet Thi Diem","family":"Hoang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hung Vuong Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8748-4965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thang Quoc","family":"Bui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Cardiac Surgery Department, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ha Le Bao","family":"Tran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Biomedical Materials, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Department of Physiology and Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"},{"name":"Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_2_2_2","article-title":"Global epidemiology of ischemic heart disease: results from the global burden of disease study","volume":"12","author":"Khan MA","year":"2020","unstructured":"Khan MA, Hashim MJ, Mustafa H, et al. 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