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This approach makes it possible to know the loading effect of the controller\u2013plant and the feedback connections. In order to determine the loading effect of the closed-loop system, the transfer function using causal paths and causal loops of the system in the physical domain is presented. However, this proposed adapted bond should be used in fault cases. Finally, some examples of bond graph models in open- and closed-loop systems are given. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651811412875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,30]],"date-time":"2011-08-30T02:08:05Z","timestamp":1314670085000},"page":"243-255","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Analysis of loading effect of systems in a bond graph approach with application to a synchronous machine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"G","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Michoacan, Santiago Tapia No. 403, Col. Centro, Morelia 58000, Mexico."}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0959651811412875","volume-title":"System dynamics: modelling and simulation of mechatronic systems","author":"Karnopp D. 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