{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:10:54Z","timestamp":1767705054098,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,18]],"date-time":"2012-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1337299200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> For the case when the abstraction of instantaneous state transitions is adopted, this paper proposes to start fault detection and isolation in an engineering system from a single time-invariant causality bond graph representation of a hybrid model. To that end, the paper picks up on a long-known proposal to model switching devices by a transformer modulated by a Boolean variable and a resistor in fixed conductance causality accounting for its ON resistance. Bond graph representations of hybrid system models developed in this way have been used so far mainly for the purpose of simulation. The paper shows that they can well constitute an approach to the bond-graph-based quantitative fault detection and isolation of hybrid models. Advantages are that the standard sequential causality assignment procedure can be a used without modification. A single set of analytical redundancy relations valid for all physically feasible system modes can be (automatically) derived from the bond graph. Stiff model equations due to small values of the ON resistance in the switch model may be avoided by symbolic reformulation of equations and letting the ON resistance of some switches tend to zero, turning them into ideal switches. <\/jats:p><jats:p> First, for two examples considered in the literature, it is shown that the approach proposed in this paper can produce the same analytical redundancy relations as were obtained from a hybrid bond graph with controlled junctions and the use of a sequential causality assignment procedure especially for fault detection and isolation purpose. Moreover, the usefulness of the proposed approach is illustrated in two case studies by its application to standard switching circuits extensively used in power electronic systems and by simulation of some fault scenarios. The approach, however, is not confined to the fault detection and isolation of such systems. Analytically validated simulation results obtained by means of the program Scilab give confidence in the approach. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651812440665","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,20]],"date-time":"2012-05-20T12:45:08Z","timestamp":1337517908000},"page":"742-760","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Bond-graph-based fault detection and isolation for hybrid system models"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Wolfgang","family":"Borutzky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Bonn-Rhein-Sieg University of Applied Sciences, Germany"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,5,18]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Approche bond graph pour la mod\u00e9lisation des effets thermiques dans les composants de commutation en \u00e9lectronique de puissance","year":"1997","author":"Garcia-Gomez J","key":"bibr1-0959651812440665"},{"key":"bibr2-0959651812440665","first-page":"132","volume-title":"International conference on bond graph modeling, ICBGM\u201993, Proceedings of the 1993 Western simulation multiconference","author":"Ducreux JP","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr3-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ICSMC.1993.384754"},{"key":"bibr4-0959651812440665","first-page":"257","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 4th international confrence on automation of mixed processes: hybrid dynamic systems (ADPM 2000)","author":"Buisson J","year":"2000"},{"key":"bibr5-0959651812440665","first-page":"65","volume-title":"1995 International conference on bond graph modeling, ICBGM\u201995, Proceedings of the 1995 Western simulation multiconference","author":"Borutzky W","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr6-0959651812440665","first-page":"208","volume-title":"Modelling and simulation 1993, Proceedings of the 1993 European simulation multiconference","author":"Borutzky W","year":"1993"},{"volume-title":"Modelling of switched mode power converters: a bond graph approach","year":"2006","author":"Umarikar AC","key":"bibr7-0959651812440665"},{"key":"bibr8-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfranklin.2004.08.005"},{"key":"bibr9-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/0959651021541426"},{"volume-title":"Switched bond graphs: simulation and analysis","year":"1999","author":"Edstr\u00f6m K","key":"bibr10-0959651812440665"},{"volume-title":"A mode switching modelling philosophy","year":"1994","author":"Str\u00f6mberg JE","key":"bibr11-0959651812440665"},{"key":"bibr12-0959651812440665","first-page":"126","volume-title":"International conference on bond graph modeling, ICBGM\u201993, Proceedings of the 1993 Western simulation multiconference","author":"Asher GM","year":"1993"},{"key":"bibr13-0959651812440665","first-page":"177","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2007 international conference on bond graph modeling and simulation 39","author":"Roychoudhury I","year":"2007"},{"volume-title":"Hybrid dynamic systems: a hybrid bond graph modeling paradigm and its application in diagnosis","year":"1997","author":"Mosterman PJ","key":"bibr14-0959651812440665"},{"key":"bibr15-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-84882-882-7"},{"key":"bibr16-0959651812440665","first-page":"275","volume-title":"ICBGM\u201995, International conference on bond graph modeling and simulation","author":"Tagina M","year":"1995"},{"key":"bibr17-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4419-9368-7"},{"key":"bibr18-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1243\/09596518JSCE666"},{"volume-title":"Model-based process supervision\u2013a bond graph approach","year":"2008","author":"Samantaray AK","key":"bibr19-0959651812440665"},{"key":"bibr20-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TMECH.2007.912746"},{"volume-title":"Model-based fault diagnosis and accommodation using analytical redundancy: a bond graph approach","year":"2006","author":"Ghoshal SK","key":"bibr21-0959651812440665"},{"key":"bibr22-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.simpat.2005.05.003"},{"key":"bibr23-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/3-540-45873-5_25"},{"key":"bibr24-0959651812440665","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TASE.2009.2026731"},{"key":"bibr25-0959651812440665","first-page":"10516","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th world congress of the international federation of automatic control","author":"Low CB","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr26-0959651812440665","first-page":"10522","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 17th world congress of the international federation of automatic control","author":"Low CB","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr27-0959651812440665","unstructured":"HighTec Consultants. 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