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Among these approaches, the performance of sliding mode controllers stands out due to their robustness against changes in the physical conditions around the engine. This paper presents the design and testing of three high-order sliding mode controllers and a comparison of their performance in controlling a mechatronic engine air path valve. The most effective strategies are further tested for their robustness against variations in temperature and load conditions. The experimental results show the effectiveness and robustness of the controllers. Comparative results are presented that allow the performance of the considered algorithms to be compared both with respect to each other and with respect to sliding surfaces. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651812454061","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,14]],"date-time":"2012-08-14T00:36:49Z","timestamp":1344904609000},"page":"1231-1248","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Second-order sliding mode controllers: an experimental comparative study on a mechatronic actuator"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"226","author":[{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Harmouche","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes et Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Technologie Belfort-Montb\u00e9liard, France"}]},{"given":"Salah","family":"Laghrouche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes et Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Technologie Belfort-Montb\u00e9liard, France"}]},{"given":"Fayez Shakil","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes et Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Technologie Belfort-Montb\u00e9liard, France"}]},{"given":"Mohammed El","family":"Bagdouri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratoire Syst\u00e8mes et Transports, Universit\u00e9 de Technologie Belfort-Montb\u00e9liard, France"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,13]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"Internal combustion engine fundamentals","year":"1988","author":"Heywood JB","key":"bibr1-0959651812454061"},{"key":"bibr2-0959651812454061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-642-10775-7"},{"key":"bibr3-0959651812454061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/MCS.2002.1035218"},{"key":"bibr4-0959651812454061","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1117\/12.241128"},{"key":"bibr5-0959651812454061","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bertoluzzo M, Buja G, Pimentel JR. 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