{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:36:27Z","timestamp":1777926987515,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]],"date-time":"2013-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1382400000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This article presents an investigation into the application of a constrained imperialist competitive algorithm with a new penalty function to optimize an adaptive fuzzy proportional\u2013integral\u2013derivative controller for a pneumatic actuator. The integral absolute error and the maximum overshoot of the control system are considered as the cost functions. The constrained imperialist competitive algorithm\u2013based optimization scheme is thus conducted to obtain the best structure of the fuzzy proportional\u2013integral\u2013derivative controller involving optimum shape and location of membership functions and suitable value of scale factors. Then, a simulation study based on the identified model of the pneumatic actuator and three control approaches namely conventional proportional\u2013integral\u2013derivative control, genetic algorithm\u2013based adaptive fuzzy proportional\u2013integral\u2013derivative control and the proposed constrained imperialist competitive algorithm\u2013based adaptive fuzzy proportional\u2013integral\u2013derivative control is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed controllers. Finally, an experimental rig is developed to verify the simulation outcomes. It is found that the constrained imperialist competitive algorithm\u2013based fuzzy controller converges faster to an optimum solution compared to the genetic algorithm method. Besides, the superiority of the proposed constrained imperialist competitive algorithm\u2013based design over other controllers is demonstrated.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651813504745","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,23]],"date-time":"2013-10-23T01:41:51Z","timestamp":1382492511000},"page":"26-41","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Imperialist competitive algorithm\u2013based adaptive fuzzy control of a pneumatic actuator"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"228","author":[{"given":"AR","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Control and Instrumentation Engineering, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai, Malaysia"}]},{"given":"AR","family":"Tavakolpour-Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Mechanics, Faculty of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, Iran"}]},{"given":"AM","family":"Yazdani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Naein, Iran"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0959651813504745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-4485(89)90048-1"},{"key":"bibr2-0959651813504745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2012.11.002"},{"key":"bibr3-0959651813504745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.engappai.2011.10.004"},{"key":"bibr4-0959651813504745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-0394.2005.00316.x"},{"key":"bibr5-0959651813504745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TIA.2008.926059"},{"key":"bibr6-0959651813504745","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2009.01.005"},{"key":"bibr7-0959651813504745","first-page":"2217","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 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