{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:38:43Z","timestamp":1777927123900,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1505260800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Compared with hose-and-drogue refuelling, flying boom refuelling has attracted increasing interest due to its high flow rates and easy contact operation. Aided by a flying boom attitude controller, the boom operator navigates the flying boom into contact with the receptacle of the receiver aircraft. However, disturbances, including tanker wake and atmospheric turbulence, can disturb the motion of the flying boom. In addition, the boom operator requires that the flying boom has good handling qualities to accomplish aerial boom refuelling. To solve the first challenge, a novel back-stepping control approach \u2013 back-stepping control driven by a sliding mode disturbance observer \u2013 was adopted for attitude control to improve robustness and performance. To address the second challenge, the command filter, which affects the handling qualities, was designed in the attitude control to protect the flying boom from damage. To achieve the desired handling qualities, a mission-oriented method was implemented to determine the filter parameters. Finally, three manoeuvres \u2013 yaw tracking, pitch tracking and attitude hold \u2013 were calculated to simulate real aerial boom refuelling. The results demonstrate the proposed attitude controller\u2019s effectiveness and robustness.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651817730183","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]],"date-time":"2017-09-13T08:04:00Z","timestamp":1505289840000},"page":"812-826","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Attitude control design for flying boom during air-to-air refuelling"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"231","author":[{"given":"Lixin","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huazi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ting","family":"Yue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, P.R. China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0959651817730183","volume-title":"Air force aerial refuellingmethods: flying boom versus hose-and-drogue","author":"Bolkcom C"},{"key":"bibr2-0959651817730183","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paerosci.2014.07.001"},{"key":"bibr3-0959651817730183","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gray TH. Boom operator part-task trainer: test and evaluation of the transfer of training. 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