{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T05:41:10Z","timestamp":1740807670307,"version":"3.38.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1521072000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:p> This article proposes a robust global identification approach for nonlinear systems with slowly sampled outputs subjected to unknown time-delays. The inputs of the system are fast-rate sampled while the informative outputs are uniformly sampled at a slow rate. In practical industries, the outlier and output time-delays are commonly encountered and they are both considered in this work. To eliminate the impact brought by the outliers, the robust linear parameter-varying finite impulse response observation model based on the Laplace distribution is established. The unknown time-delay is treated as a random integer at each sampling moment which follows the uniform distribution with the boundary known a priori. The proposed robust approach is derived in the expectation-maximization algorithm scheme and the formulas to iteratively update the model parameters, the scale parameter and the random output time-delays are derived, respectively. The unmeasurable noise-free fast-rate sampled outputs are estimated by simulating the identified model. A numerical example, the mass-spring-damper system and the two-link robotic manipulator are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651818760937","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,3,15]],"date-time":"2018-03-15T10:38:36Z","timestamp":1521110316000},"page":"5-17","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Linear parameter-varying systems identification with slowly sampled outputs subjected to unknown time-delays and outliers"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"233","author":[{"given":"Xin","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute of Intelligent Control and Systems, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0036-6921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianqiang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute 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