{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:39:20Z","timestamp":1777927160047,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1525824000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004543","name":"China Scholarship Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["201600680090"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["201600680090"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004543","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>In this article, a novel system configuration with multiple energy sources is proposed for a hybrid truck in order to reduce fuel consumption and overcome the drawbacks of using a single energy source. The energy-saving characteristics of the hybrid system can be displayed after analyzing its system structure and performances. In order to validate the advantages of this presented system, the dynamic models of the system components are established in a MATLAB\/Simulink environment, and initial and improved power management strategies with rule-based algorithms are developed. Then, the hybrid system is simulated based on the models and control strategies over the urban dynamometer driving schedule driving cycle. The simulation results show that the fuel consumption employing the initial power management strategy is 12.49\u2009L\/100\u2009km, and there is a significant decrease with around 13.6% based on the improved strategy. The results also verify that the better fuel economy can be achieved by the proposed multi-source system compared to the counterparts under the same operating conditions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651818773650","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]],"date-time":"2018-05-09T07:04:14Z","timestamp":1525849454000},"page":"1053-1062","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A new system configuration design and power management strategies for a multi-source hybrid truck"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"232","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8003-8401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhe","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0959651818773650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rser.2012.11.077"},{"key":"bibr2-0959651818773650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0954407014522444"},{"key":"bibr3-0959651818773650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2010.09.028"},{"key":"bibr4-0959651818773650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conengprac.2011.07.017"},{"key":"bibr5-0959651818773650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enconman.2010.07.045"},{"key":"bibr6-0959651818773650","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the power engineering conference","author":"Wu W"},{"key":"bibr7-0959651818773650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2011.2168400"},{"key":"bibr8-0959651818773650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpowsour.2010.01.051"},{"key":"bibr9-0959651818773650","volume-title":"Proceedings of the 2002 advanced vehicle control conference, Hiroshima","author":"Wu B"},{"key":"bibr10-0959651818773650","volume-title":"Integrated modeling and hardware-in-the-loop study for systematic evaluation of hydraulic hybrid propulsion options","author":"Kim YJ","year":"2008"},{"key":"bibr11-0959651818773650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TVT.2010.2090178"},{"key":"bibr12-0959651818773650","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00423110412331291562"},{"key":"bibr13-0959651818773650","first-page":"2878","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IEEE American control conference","volume":"4","author":"Lin CC"},{"key":"bibr14-0959651818773650","unstructured":"Rydberg KE. Energy efficient hydraulic hybrid drives. 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