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This algorithm integrates the super twisting control approach with direct torque control and model reference adaptive system. The super twisting algorithm is a second-order sliding mode approach that uses a continuous control law in order solves the problems of chattering and enhances control robustness against various uncertainties. Besides, a load torque observer design bed on super twisting\u2013based design is presented to improve the speed regulation loop and to increase its rejection ability of load disturbances. Furthermore, the stator flux model reference adaptive system is used as a sensorless algorithm for rotor speed reconstruction. The association of dual estimators can increase the control system\u2019s reliability and reduce its cost. The effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm has been verified through simulation and experimental work using MATLAB\/Simulink software and dSpace 1104 implementation board, respectively.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651820935694","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,11]],"date-time":"2020-07-11T02:46:03Z","timestamp":1594435563000},"page":"15-29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Second-order sliding mode-direct torque control and load torque estimation for sensorless model reference adaptive system\u2013based induction machine"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"235","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6054-9797","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abdelkarim","family":"Ammar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Signals and Systems Laboratory LSS, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of M\u2019hamed Bougara of Boumerdes, Boumerdes, Algeria"},{"name":"Electrical Engineering Laboratory of Biskra (LGEB), University of Mohammed Khider of Biskra, Biskra, Algeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/en11010120"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/28.158828"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651818787006"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.24295\/CPSSTPEA.2017.00021"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-pel.2013.0390"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/ACCESS.2018.2840521"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/COMPEL-04-2018-0183"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0959651818819237"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TEC.2015.2436914"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_11_2","first-page":"1077","volume-title":"Proceedings of the IECON 2019 \u2013 45th annual conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society","author":"Ameid T","unstructured":"Ameid T, Talhaoui H, Ammar A, et al. 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