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In this article, an improved maximum eigenvalue sample covariance matrix algorithm is proposed, where a Marchenko\u2013Pastur law\u2013based dynamic threshold is introduced by taking all the eigenvalues exceeding the supremum into account for different signal-to-noise ratio situations, to improve the calculation efficiency and widen the application fields of existing methods. The comparison analysis based on IEEE 39-Bus system shows that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing solutions in terms of calculation speed, anti-interference ability, and universality to different signal-to-noise ratio situations. <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09596518211001270","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,15]],"date-time":"2021-03-15T14:37:30Z","timestamp":1615819050000},"page":"1718-1726","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Analysis of grid operation state based on improved maximum eigenvalue sample covariance matrix algorithm"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"235","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4817-3149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dinghui","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Engineering Research Center of Internet of Things Technology Applications Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 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