{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,4]],"date-time":"2026-05-04T20:43:38Z","timestamp":1777927418667,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673481600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>The proportional\u2013integral and proportional\u2013derivative controller is characterized by its capability to effectively control integrating processes compared with proportional\u2013integral\/proportional\u2013integral\u2013derivative controllers. Recently, several graphical methods have been proposed for tuning the PI-PD controller parameters by computing the centroid point of the stability boundary locus. However, these approaches are time-consuming because they entail plotting the stability boundary locus for finding the centroid point. Another disadvantage of those design methods is that the design procedure has to be redone as the transfer function changes. In this article, a generalized stability boundary locus is constructed in terms of the controller and assumed plant transfer function model parameters to enable the designer to avoid replotting the stability boundary locus as the process transfer function changes. More importantly, two analytical approaches, which simplify the design of the proportional\u2013integral and proportional\u2013derivative controller very much, are proposed to compute the centroid point of the generalized stability boundary locus. Analytical expressions for computing the performance measures of the designed closed-loop system have also been provided so that one can predict the performance of the designed closed-loop system. It has been shown by simulation examples that the analytical centroid of convex stability region method provides quicker responses with faster disturbance rejections compared to other reported design methods. Also, the simulation results have displayed that analytical weighted geometrical center gives more robust closed-loop responses in terms of gain margin, phase margins, and maximum sensitivity than analytical centroid of convex stability region. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed methods is tested using a real-time application based on an aerodynamical system. Real-time results have demonstrated that the analytical centroid of convex stability region and analytical weighted geometrical center methods give quicker responses with small overshoots compared to other reported methods.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09596518221143815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]],"date-time":"2023-01-12T09:25:23Z","timestamp":1673515523000},"page":"1045-1065","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Proportional\u2013integral and proportional\u2013derivative controller design based on analytically computed centroid point for controlling integrating processes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"237","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1878-1549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fadi","family":"Alyoussef","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Institute of Natural and Applied Sciences, Dicle University, Diyarbak\u0131r, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8393-1358","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ibrahim","family":"Kaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Dicle University, Diyarbak\u0131r, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprocont.2013.12.011"},{"key":"bibr2-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.137"},{"key":"bibr3-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.1119"},{"key":"bibr4-09596518221143815","volume-title":"Advances in industrial control model-reference robust tuning of PID controllers","author":"Victor A","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr5-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2022.08.007"},{"key":"bibr6-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.278"},{"key":"bibr7-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00207721.2020.1825871"},{"key":"bibr8-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/i200032a041"},{"key":"bibr9-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-1524(02)00062-8"},{"key":"bibr10-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-cta:20010197"},{"key":"bibr11-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2009.09.001"},{"key":"bibr12-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-cta:20000245"},{"key":"bibr13-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2021.04.008"},{"key":"bibr14-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2012.08.004"},{"key":"bibr15-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00194506.2014.927181"},{"key":"bibr16-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/ie9605600"},{"key":"bibr17-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemolab.2014.12.012"},{"key":"bibr18-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2018.06.157"},{"key":"bibr19-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/iet-cta.2017.0112"},{"key":"bibr20-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1049\/ip-cta:19990433"},{"key":"bibr21-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-0578(07)60118-9"},{"key":"bibr22-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0019-0578(07)60006-8"},{"key":"bibr23-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40313-020-00679-5"},{"key":"bibr24-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compchemeng.2005.12.013"},{"key":"bibr25-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0142331214546351"},{"key":"bibr26-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/00194506.2013.798888"},{"key":"bibr27-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2016.11.010"},{"key":"bibr28-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2018.01.021"},{"key":"bibr29-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/asjc.2088"},{"key":"bibr30-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isatra.2018.08.029"},{"key":"bibr31-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifacol.2020.06.033"},{"key":"bibr32-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/09596518211048028"},{"key":"bibr33-09596518221143815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40313-021-00692-2"},{"key":"bibr34-09596518221143815","unstructured":"Kaya I, Atherton DP. 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