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To reach this aim, total antioxidant power (TAP) and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in testis and plasma, blood levels of sex hormones, sperm characteristics, DNA integrity and chromatin quality, and fertility in male rats were tested. Histopathological analysis of testes and epididymides and staining of mast cells were performed for assessment of spermatogenic disorders. CP (6\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) and SKEO (225\u00a0mg\/kg\/day) were administered alone or in combination by gavage for 28\u00a0days. In the CP-exposed rats, testicular and plasma LPO increased, TAP decreased, plasma testosterone diminished, and both spermatogenesis and fertility were impaired. In CP-treated rats, a decrease in sperm quality was associated with increased DNA damage and decreased chromatin quality. Coadministration of SKEO significantly improved CP-induced changes in plasma testosterone, sperm quality, spermatogenesis and fertility, toxic stress, and DNA damage. It is concluded that CP-induced toxic effects on androgenesis and spermatogenesis is mediated by free radicals. SKEO protects reproductive system from toxicity of CP through its antioxidant potential and androgenic activity.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327108102046","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,9]],"date-time":"2009-03-09T11:23:58Z","timestamp":1236597838000},"page":"901-910","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":108,"title":["Protection of cyclophosphamide-induced toxicity in reproductive tract histology, sperm characteristics, and DNA damage by an herbal source; evidence for role of free-radical toxic stress"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"MA","family":"Rezvanfar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Embryology, Department of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"RA","family":"Sadrkhanlou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Embryology, Department of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Embryology, Department of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Shojaei-Sadee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Embryology, Department of Embryology and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MA","family":"Rezvanfar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Mohammadirad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Salehnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Abdollahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"atypb1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.307.6900.341"},{"key":"atypb2","first-page":"349","volume-title":"Therapeutic Drugs. 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