{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:25:54Z","timestamp":1777667154158,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,17]],"date-time":"2010-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268784000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Skeletal changes induced by treatment of pregnant rats with four potent teratogens, busulfan, acetazolamide, vitamin A palmitate, and ketoconazole, were evaluated using Alizarin Red S and Alcian Blue double-staining to investigate the relationship between drug-induced skeletal malformations and cartilaginous changes in the fetuses. Pregnant rats (N = 8\/group) were treated once or twice between gestation days (GDs) 10 to 13 with busulfan at doses of 3, 10, or 30 mg\/kg; acetazolamide at 200, 400, or 800 mg\/kg; vitamin A palmitate at 100,000, 300,000, or 1,000,000 IU\/kg; or ketoconazole at doses of 10, 30, or 100 mg\/kg. Uterine evaluations and fetal external and skeletal examinations were conducted on GD 20. Marked skeletal abnormalities in ribs and hand\/forelimb bones such as absent\/ short\/bent ribs, fused rib cartilage, absent\/fused forepaw phalanx, and misshapen carpal bones were induced at the mid- and high-doses of busulfan and acetazolamide and at the high-dose of vitamin A palmitate and ketoconazole. Increased incidences of discontinuous rib cartilage (DRC) and fused carpal bone (FCB) were observed from the low- or mid-dose in the busulfan and acetazolamide groups, and incidences of FCB were increased from the mid-dose in the vitamin A palmitate and ketoconazole groups. Therefore, DRC and FCB were detected at lower doses than those at which ribs and hand\/forelimb malformations were observed in the four potent teratogens.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327110363862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,17]],"date-time":"2010-03-17T21:47:46Z","timestamp":1268862466000},"page":"439-450","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Increases in discontinuous rib cartilage and fused carpal bone in rat fetuses exposed to the teratogens, busulfan, acetazolamide, vitamin A, and ketoconazole"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"T.","family":"Dodo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Planning & Coordination, Biopharmaceutical Assessments Core Function Unit, Ibaraki, Japan, , Gifu Pharmaceutical University, 5-6-1 Mitahora-higashi Gifu-shi, Gifu 502-8585, Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Uchida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Drug 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