{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:28:31Z","timestamp":1777667311177,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]],"date-time":"2011-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1295395200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Loxosceles venoms can promote severe local and systemic damages. We have previously reported that Loxosceles gaucho spider venom causes a severe early thrombocytopenia in rabbits. Herein, we investigated the in vitro effects of this venom and its sphingomyelinase fraction on the main functions of platelets. Whole venom and its fraction induced aggregation of both human and rabbit platelets. Aggregation was dependent of plasma component(s) but independent of venom-induced lysophosphatidic acid generation. There was no increase in the levels of lactate dehydrogenase during platelet aggregation, ruling out the possibility of platelet lysis. The increased expression of ligand-induced binding site 1 (LIBS1) induced by L. gaucho venom and its sphingomyelinase fraction, as well as of P-selectin by the whole venom, evidenced the activation state of both human and rabbit platelets. Adhesion assays showed an irregular response when platelets were exposed to the whole venom, whereas the sphingomyelinase fraction induced a dose-dependent increase in the platelet adhesion to collagen. These findings evidence that L. gaucho venom and its sphingomyelinase fraction trigger adhesion, activation, and aggregation of both human and rabbit platelets. Thus, this work justifies the use of rabbits to investigate Loxosceles venom-induced platelet disturbances, and it also supports research on the role of platelets in the pathogenesis of loxoscelism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327110393761","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]],"date-time":"2011-01-19T20:59:31Z","timestamp":1295470771000},"page":"1567-1574","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["<i>Loxosceles gaucho<\/i>\n                    spider venom and its sphingomyelinase fraction trigger the main functions of human and rabbit platelets"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Fl\u00e1vio L","family":"Tavares","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda E","family":"Peichoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Danieli de Morais","family":"Rangel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K\u00e1tia C","family":"Barbaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Imunopatologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Cristina","family":"Cirillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo L","family":"Santoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ida S","family":"Sano-Martins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laborat\u00f3rio de Fisiopatologia, Instituto Butantan, S\u00e3o Paulo-SP, Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.08.028"},{"key":"bibr2-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.01.033"},{"key":"bibr3-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0625.2001.100602.x"},{"key":"bibr4-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.07.012"},{"key":"bibr5-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-199210000-00008"},{"key":"bibr6-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1191\/0960327104ht475oa"},{"key":"bibr7-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2004.12.009"},{"key":"bibr8-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2006.02.006"},{"key":"bibr9-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2006.02.002"},{"key":"bibr10-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2001000700002"},{"key":"bibr11-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2007.11.007"},{"key":"bibr12-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2006.12.002"},{"key":"bibr13-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0304-4165(81)90128-8"},{"key":"bibr14-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(88)90202-4"},{"key":"bibr15-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(92)90873-4"},{"key":"bibr16-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(85)90442-7"},{"key":"bibr17-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023470829671"},{"key":"bibr18-0960327110393761","first-page":"61","volume":"122","author":"Santoro ML","year":"1999","journal-title":"Compar Biochem Physiol\u2014Part C: ToxicolPharmacol"},{"key":"bibr19-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/194927b0"},{"key":"bibr20-0960327110393761","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000083715.37658.C4"},{"key":"bibr21-0960327110393761","unstructured":"Burtis CA, Ashwood ER. 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