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Bilateral optic atrophy and retinopathy, bilateral nerve deafness and sensory-motor polyneuropathy have been described long ago as a result of chronic occupational exposure to cobal powder or during long-term treatment of anaemia with cobalt chloride. Recently, some patients with high levels of cobalt released from metal prosthesis have been referred as presenting with tinnitus, deafness, vertigo, visual changes, optic atrophy, tremor and peripheral neuropathy. The aim of this work is to group these cases and to identify a possible mechanism of cobalt neurotoxicity, focusing on hypothetic individual susceptibility such as altered metal-binding proteins, altered transport processes in target cells or polymorphic variation of genetic background.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327111414280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]],"date-time":"2011-07-05T20:55:04Z","timestamp":1309899304000},"page":"421-437","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":179,"title":["Neurotoxicity of cobalt"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"S","family":"Catalani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Section of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"MC","family":"Rizzetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Neurology, University of Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Padovani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Unit of Neurology, University of Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Apostoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental and Applied Medicine, Section of Occupational Health and Industrial Hygiene, University of Brescia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,7,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0960327111414280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4613-8850-0_3"},{"key":"bibr2-0960327111414280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.51.7.447","volume":"51","author":"Lauwerys R","year":"1994","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"key":"bibr3-0960327111414280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/CLT-100102420"},{"key":"bibr4-0960327111414280","first-page":"251","volume-title":"Handbook on the toxicology of metals","author":"Angerer J","year":"1986","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr5-0960327111414280","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-012369413-3\/50080-X"},{"key":"bibr6-0960327111414280","volume-title":"An appraisal of environmental exposure","author":"Smith HIC","year":"1981"},{"key":"bibr7-0960327111414280","volume-title":"Some Other Halogenated Compounds","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. 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