{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:50:35Z","timestamp":1791154235127,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1319500800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In this pilot study, we examined the validity and usefulness of hair nicotine\u2013cotinine evaluation as a biomarker of monitoring exposure to tobacco. Head hair samples were collected from 22 infants (&lt;2\u00a0years of age) and 44 adults with different exposures to tobacco (through either active or passive smoking) and analyzed by liquid chromatography\u2013mass spectrometry (LC-MS) for nicotine and cotinine. Hair samples were divided into three groups, infants, passive smoker adults and active smoker adults, and into eight subgroups according to the degree of exposure. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was 0.1\u00a0ng\/mg for nicotine and 0.05\u00a0ng\/mg for cotinine. Mean recovery was 69.15% for nicotine and 72.08% for cotinine. The within- and between-day precision for cotinine and nicotine was calculated at different concentrations. Moreover, hair nicotine and cotinine concentrations were highly correlated among adult active smokers ( R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.710, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), among adult nonsmokers exposed to secondhand smoke (SHS; R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.729, p\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and among infants ( R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.538, p\u00a0=\u00a00.01). Among the infants exposed to SHS from both parents the noted correlations were even stronger ( R\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    \u00a0=\u00a00.835, p\u00a0=\u00a00.02). The above results identify the use of hair samples as an effective method for assessing exposure to tobacco, with a high association between nicotine and cotinine especially among infants heavily exposed to SHS.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327111422401","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]],"date-time":"2011-10-25T23:00:37Z","timestamp":1319583637000},"page":"258-265","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"title":["Hair nicotine\/cotinine concentrations as a method of monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke among infants and adults"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"MN","family":"Tzatzarakis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Toxicology Sciences and Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"CI","family":"Vardavas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Terzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Toxicology Sciences and Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kavalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Toxicology Sciences and Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Kokkinakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Toxicology Sciences and Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Liesivuori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Drug Development and Therapeutics, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"AM","family":"Tsatsakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre of Toxicology Sciences and Research, Division of Morphology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0960327111422401","unstructured":"US Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke: a report of the surgeon general. Atlanta, GA: US Department of Health and Human Services, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Coordinating Center of Health promotion, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Office on Smoking and Health, 2006. Available at http:\/\/www.surgeongeneral.gov\/library\/secondhandsmoke\/report\/index.html."},{"key":"bibr2-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym158"},{"key":"bibr3-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871528110908050328"},{"key":"bibr4-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-540-69248-5_2"},{"key":"bibr5-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)02069-5"},{"key":"bibr6-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1617-9625-5-11"},{"key":"bibr7-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.369"},{"key":"bibr8-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2659"},{"key":"bibr9-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2002.01322.x"},{"key":"bibr10-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0379-0738(96)02068-3"},{"key":"bibr11-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/rcm.2659"},{"key":"bibr12-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017925"},{"key":"bibr13-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327108102047"},{"key":"bibr14-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-4347(92)80542-X"},{"key":"bibr15-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.97.10102384"},{"key":"bibr16-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327107072391"},{"key":"bibr17-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327109354941"},{"key":"bibr18-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.56.1.66"},{"key":"bibr19-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00216-009-2831-8"},{"key":"bibr20-0960327111422401","first-page":"235","volume":"7","author":"Nafstad P","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol"},{"key":"bibr21-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0773.1996.tb02086.x"},{"key":"bibr22-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mcp.2000.106129"},{"key":"bibr23-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bmc.1110"},{"key":"bibr24-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-0337"},{"key":"bibr25-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/tc.2006.015685"},{"key":"bibr26-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39311.550197.AE"},{"key":"bibr27-0960327111422401","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/tx000205l"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; Experimental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0960327111422401","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0960327111422401","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0960327111422401","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:46:37Z","timestamp":1777448797000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0960327111422401"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0960327111422401"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0960327111422401","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-3271","1477-0903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-3271","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,25]]}}}