{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:05:21Z","timestamp":1777669521601,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]],"date-time":"2013-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1360022400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Epichlorohydrin (ECH) is an antifertility agent that acts both as an epididymal toxicant and an agent capable of directly affecting sperm motility. This study identified the time course of apoptotic cell death in rat epididymides after ECH treatment. Rats were administrated with a single oral dose of ECH (50\u00a0mg\/kg). ECH-induced apoptotic changes were evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay and its related mechanism was confirmed by Western blot analysis and colorimetric assay. The TUNEL assay showed that the number of apoptotic cells increased at 8\u00a0h, reached a maximum level at 12\u00a0h, and then decreased progressively. The Western blot analysis demonstrated no significant changes in proapoptotic Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression during the time course of the study. However, phospho-p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p-p38 MAPK) and phospho-c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (p-JNK) expression increased at 8\u201324\u00a0h. Caspase-3 and caspase-8 activities also increased at 8\u201348\u00a0h and 12\u201348\u00a0h, respectively, in the same manner as p-p38 MAPK and p-JNK expression. These results indicate that ECH induced apoptotic changes in rat epididymides and that the apoptotic cell death may be related more to the MAPK pathway than to the mitochondrial pathway.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327112467042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,6]],"date-time":"2013-02-06T00:45:17Z","timestamp":1360111517000},"page":"640-646","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Apoptotic cell death in rat epididymis following epichlorohydrin treatment"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"I.-C.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.-H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Korea Testing and Research Institute, Gimpo, Kyunggi, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.-H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.-S.","family":"Baek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Moon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S.-H.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.-K.","family":"Yun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"K.-H.","family":"Nam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H.-C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biomedical Mouse Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.-C.","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0960327112467042","unstructured":"SRI. 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