{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T21:08:52Z","timestamp":1777669732572,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,21]],"date-time":"2012-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356048000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Environmental compounds may be important contributors to Parkinson\u2019s disease etiology. Epidemiological and experimental evidence for the facilitation of parkinsonism by manganese is equivocal. This work addressed methodological concerns in the few studies of manganese modulation of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced toxicity in C57BL\/6 mice. Male, retired breeder mice received 0 or 100\u00a0mg\/kg of manganese chloride (MnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; subcutaneously on days 1, 4 and 7) and 0 or 20\u00a0mg\/kg of MPTP (intraperitoneally on day 8) and survived up to day 15 or 22. On the day of sacrificing, horizontal (grid crossing) and vertical (rearing) open field movement, swimming, grip strength and grip fatigue were examined. Striata were analyzed for dopamine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) using high-performance liquid chromatography. MPTP produced a main effect decrease in striatal dopamine (48.8%) and DOPAC (38.1%), but there was no main effect of MnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    or MnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0\u00d7\u00a0MPTP interaction. However, modulatory interactions were observed between the effects of MnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    and MPTP for grid crossing, rearing and grip strength. Interestingly, these interactions reduced the severity of behavioral deficits attributable to either of these compounds alone. For rearing and grip strength, the MnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0\u00d7\u00a0MPTP interaction was dependent upon survival time. The mechanistic nature of the MnCl\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    \u00a0\u00d7\u00a0MPTP interaction upon these behaviors, in the absence of such an interaction for striatal dopamine and DOPAC, remains to be clarified.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327112469043","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,22]],"date-time":"2012-12-22T22:33:38Z","timestamp":1356215618000},"page":"865-880","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Consequences of manganese administration for striatal dopamine and motor behavior in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-exposed C57BL\/6 mice"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"C.A.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Fort Valley State University, Fort Valley, GA, 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