{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:38:37Z","timestamp":1777667917804,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,7]],"date-time":"2015-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1428364800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Here we evaluated the ability of l-theanine in preventing experimental hepatic cirrhosis and investigated the roles of nuclear factor-\u03baB (NF-\u03baB) activation as well as transforming growth factor \u03b2 (TGF-\u03b2) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) regulation. Experimental hepatic cirrhosis was established by the administration of carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) to rats (0.4 g\/kg, intraperitoneally, three times per week, for 8 weeks), and at the same time, adding l-theanine (8.0 mg\/kg) to the drinking water. Rats had ad libitum access to water and food throughout the treatment period. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    treatment promoted NF-\u03baB activation and increased the expression of both TGF-\u03b2 and CTGF. CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    increased the serum activities of alanine aminotransferase and \u03b3-glutamyl transpeptidase and the degree of lipid peroxidation, and it also induced a decrease in the glutathione and glutathione disulfide ratio. l-Theanine prevented increased expression of NF-\u03baB and down-regulated the pro-inflammatory (interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2 and IL-6) and profibrotic (TGF-\u03b2 and CTGF) cytokines. Furthermore, the levels of messenger RNA encoding these proteins decreased in agreement with the expression levels. l-Theanine promoted the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the fibrolytic enzyme metalloproteinase-13. Liver hydroxyproline contents and histopathological analysis demonstrated the anti-fibrotic effect of l-theanine. In conclusion, l-theanine prevents CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -induced experimental hepatic cirrhosis in rats by blocking the main pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrogenic signals.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327115578864","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,8]],"date-time":"2015-04-08T00:31:16Z","timestamp":1428453076000},"page":"135-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["<scp>l<\/scp>\n                    -Theanine prevents carbon tetrachloride-induced liver fibrosis via inhibition of nuclear factor \u03baB and down-regulation of transforming growth factor \u03b2 and connective tissue growth factor"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"JE","family":"P\u00e9rez-Vargas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"Zarco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Vergara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M","family":"Shibayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J","family":"Segovia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neurosciences, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. M\u00e9xico"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P","family":"Muriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN Apartado, D.F. 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