{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:38:47Z","timestamp":1777667927586,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,29]],"date-time":"2015-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1427587200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Tiagabine is a novel antiepileptic that acts by increasing synaptic and extracellular gamma-aminobutyric acid concentrations. Information concerning overdose of tiagabine is limited. After introduction, an increasing number of off-label uses suggested that tiagabine use would increase. However in 2005 and 2008, warnings from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were issued on the risk of seizures in non-epileptic and increased suicide ideation. We evaluated the temporal trends associated with these two warnings as well as clinical outcomes from tiagabine overdose.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review of all single substance tiagabine exposures in National Poison Data System (NPDS) from 2000 to 2012.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 2147 patients had ingested tiagabine, with a mean of 165 year\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      . This was disproportionally distributed, with a steep rise leading up to 2004 (max 559 year\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and then a significant decline ( p &lt; 0.05) between 2005 and 2006. The number of cases reported to NPDS mirrored the sales of tiagabine. Clinical effects were predominantly neurological, with the most commonly reported effects being drowsiness (27%), agitation (19%), confusion (12%), seizures (11%), and tachycardia (10%). In all, 758 patients (35%) showed a major or moderate medical outcome, with no deaths reported. A disproportionate share of the major outcomes was in the suicide attempt group (73%). The majority of patients (75%) were treated in a health-care facility (HCF).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HCF usage is likely due to high rate of symptomatic patients (59%) and the large proportion of suicide attempt cases. The frequency of tiagabine cases in NPDS mirrored pharmaceutical sales, with steep declines temporally related to the 2005 FDA warning.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327115579206","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,1]],"date-time":"2015-04-01T09:34:55Z","timestamp":1427880895000},"page":"109-113","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Review of toxicity and trends in the use of tiagabine as reported to US poison centers from 2000 to 2012"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"HA","family":"Spiller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"D","family":"Wiles","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JL","family":"Russell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"MJ","family":"Casavant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Ohio Poison Center, Nationwide Children\u2019s Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA"},{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650500357529"},{"key":"bibr2-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1059-1311(95)80098-0"},{"key":"bibr3-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650500357586"},{"key":"bibr4-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-6723.2007.00973.x"},{"key":"bibr5-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2004.06.003"},{"key":"bibr6-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2002.51601.x"},{"key":"bibr7-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000252370.51970.07"},{"key":"bibr8-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.wnl.0000223336.07466.f3"},{"key":"bibr9-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03161185"},{"key":"bibr10-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.65041674.x"},{"key":"bibr11-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v62n0813d"},{"key":"bibr12-0960327115579206","first-page":"8","volume":"6","author":"Schaller JL","year":"2004","journal-title":"Med Gen Med"},{"key":"bibr13-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/jnp.17.2.252"},{"key":"bibr14-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.00992.x"},{"key":"bibr15-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02292767"},{"key":"bibr16-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1592\/phco.24.11.978.36136"},{"key":"bibr17-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2013.04.054"},{"issue":"1","key":"bibr18-0960327115579206","first-page":"84","volume":"17","author":"Doyon S","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"bibr19-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.2007.164.6.884"},{"key":"bibr20-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.161.7.690"},{"key":"bibr21-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinane.2007.08.003"},{"key":"bibr22-0960327115579206","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.4.466"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; 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