{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:39:54Z","timestamp":1777667994056,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]],"date-time":"2015-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1440028800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    This study investigated the protective effect of vitamin D against carbon tetrachloride (CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    )-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups ((A) control; (B) 10-week exposure to CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    ; (C) 10-week exposure to CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    + vitamin D treatment; and (D) 10-week exposure to CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    + 12 weeks of vitamin D treatment). The CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    dose (1.5 ml kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) was injected subcutaneously twice a week, while the 0.5 mg kg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    dose of vitamin D was administered intraperitoneally every day, as appropriate for each group. Whole animal and kidney weights as well as serum urea, creatinine, and glucose levels were measured. Kidney tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin\u2013eosin, Masson\u2019s trichrome, and periodic acid\u2013Schiff. Tubular and glomerular degeneration were detected in the kidney tissues of CCl\n                    <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                    -treated rats, together with dilatation and vacuolization within the tubules and hemorrhage in the intertubular region. In the kidney glomeruli; congestion, atrophy, and adhesion to parietal layer were observed. Tissue disorganization and aggregation of Bowman\u2019s capsules were noted. Mononuclear cell infiltration was observed between the glomeruli and the tubules. In contrast, the kidney sections and functional parameters of vitamin D-treated rats were similar to the controls, suggesting that vitamin D treatment is able to reduce renal damage.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327115598387","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]],"date-time":"2015-08-20T21:14:04Z","timestamp":1440105244000},"page":"713-723","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Histoprotective effect of vitamin D against carbon tetrachloride nephrotoxicity in rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"SMEO","family":"Elmubarak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N","family":"\u00d6zsoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,8,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0960327115598387","unstructured":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Toxicological Profile for Carbon Tetrachloride, (www.atsdr.cdc.gov\/toxprofiles\/tp30.pdf (2005, accessed 31 July 2015))."},{"key":"bibr2-0960327115598387","unstructured":"National Toxicology Program Department of Health and Human Services. Report on Carcinogens, (http:\/\/ntp.niehs.nih.gov\/pubhealth\/roc\/roc13\/index.html (accessed 31 July 2015))."},{"key":"bibr3-0960327115598387","unstructured":"Delaware Health and Social Services. Carbon Tetrachloride, (www.dhss.delaware.gov\/dhss\/dph\/files\/cartetrafaq.pdf (accessed 31 July 2015))."},{"key":"bibr4-0960327115598387","unstructured":"Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality. Carbon Tetrachloride in Drinking-water, (www.who.int\/water_sanitation_health\/dwq\/chemicals\/carbontetrachloride.pdf (accessed 31 July 2015))."},{"key":"bibr5-0960327115598387","first-page":"1","volume":"1","author":"Robjohns S","year":"2009","journal-title":"Health Protect Agency"},{"key":"bibr6-0960327115598387","unstructured":"Chronic Toxicity Summary. Carbon tetrachloride. Determination of noncancer chronic reference exposure levels. 2000; A-47\u2013A-55 (http:\/\/oehha.ca.gov\/air\/chronic_rels\/pdf\/56235.pdf (accessed 31 July 2015))."},{"key":"bibr7-0960327115598387","first-page":"1701","volume":"10","author":"El-kholy TA","year":"2013","journal-title":"Life Sci J"},{"key":"bibr8-0960327115598387","first-page":"236","volume":"6","author":"El-Maddawy Z","year":"2012","journal-title":"Global J Pharmacol"},{"key":"bibr9-0960327115598387","first-page":"153","volume":"10","author":"Adewole SO","year":"2007","journal-title":"Afr J Biomed Res"},{"key":"bibr10-0960327115598387","first-page":"641","volume":"11","author":"Venkatanarayana G","year":"2012","journal-title":"Excli J"},{"key":"bibr11-0960327115598387","first-page":"256","volume":"127","author":"Kochupillai N","year":"2008","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"bibr12-0960327115598387","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"Yildirim I","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"bibr13-0960327115598387","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MNH.0b013e32834de4ee"},{"key":"bibr14-0960327115598387","unstructured":"Li YC. 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