{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:41:07Z","timestamp":1777668067891,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,8]],"date-time":"2017-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1483833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the effects of in utero exposure to high-dose di- n-butyl phthalate (DBP) on testicular cell apoptosis in late embryonic and pubertal male rat offspring.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty pregnant Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were divided into two groups. During gestation day (GD) 12 to GD 19, control group was given 1 ml day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      of olive oil and experimental group was given DBP 500 mg kg\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      day\n                      <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                      by gavage. On GD 19.5 and postnatal day (PND) 45, the testes were removed. Morphological analysis of the testes was observed by transmission electron microscopy and hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining. Testicular cell apoptosis was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). The expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 was presented by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and western blot. Data of the two groups was compared using independent samples t-test and Mann\u2013Whitney test by SPSS 20.0.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>H&amp;E staining showed that spermatogenetic cells were significantly decreased in DBP exposed pubertal rat testis. The apoptosis index of testes in DBP-treated group was significantly lower on GD 19.5 but higher on PND 45 than that of the controls ( p &lt; 0.01). IHC and western blot revealed significantly increased expression of Bcl-2 in GD 19.5 rat testis and Bax and p53 in PND 45 rat testis after DBP exposure, compared with the control ( p &lt; 0.05).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion:<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In utero exposure of high-dose DBP resulted in opposite effects on testicular cell apoptosis in late embryonic and pubertal rat offspring. The overexpression of Bcl-2, Bax, and p53 might be related to the occurrence of abnormal apoptosis and finally produce male infertility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327116685886","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,1,9]],"date-time":"2017-01-09T02:53:02Z","timestamp":1483930382000},"page":"1236-1247","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["<i>In utero<\/i>\n                    exposure of high-dose di-\n                    <i>n<\/i>\n                    -butyl phthalate resulted in opposite effects on testicular cell apoptosis in late embryonic and pubertal male rat offspring"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"H","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urology, BenQ Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 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