{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:39:53Z","timestamp":1777667993668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1532995200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["1084344"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["1084344"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Inhalant abuse is a significant public health issue, particularly for adolescents, the predominant group of inhalant users. Adolescence is a critical growth period, and inhalant abuse has been associated with growth impairments, including reduced body weight and height. However, the extent to which inhalant abuse affects growth remains unquantified, and potential moderators remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical human and preclinical animal studies utilizing toluene exposure (the primary solvent in abused products) was conducted. Five-hundred and sixty-nine studies were screened; 31 met inclusion criteria, yielding 64 toluene-control comparisons for body weight and 6 comparisons for height. Toluene exposure was negatively associated with body weight ( d = \u22120.73) and height ( d = \u22120.69). Concentration of inhaled toluene, but not duration, moderated the effect of toluene exposure on body weight, with more severe impairments at higher concentrations. Differences in effect size for body weight were observed for study characteristic subgroups including sex, age at first exposure, administration route and species. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to low study numbers. Growth impairments, particularly during adolescence, can cause long-term health consequences. These effects on growth are therefore an important clinical outcome for individuals with a history of inhalant abuse.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327118792064","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]],"date-time":"2018-07-31T07:50:19Z","timestamp":1533023419000},"page":"157-172","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Growth changes after inhalant abuse and toluene exposure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of human and animal studies"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1814-1330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"R","family":"Crossin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Neuroscience, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AJ","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Neuroscience, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9097-7944","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"ZB","family":"Andrews","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"L","family":"Churilov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"JR","family":"Duncan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Addiction Neuroscience, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia"},{"name":"School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0960327118792064","volume-title":"Policy position \u2013 inhalants","author":"Alcohol and Other Drugs Council of Australia","year":"2010"},{"key":"bibr2-0960327118792064","volume-title":"National drug strategy household survey 2016","author":"Australian Institute of Health and Welfare","year":"2016"},{"key":"bibr3-0960327118792064","volume-title":"Australian secondary school students\u2019 use of tobacco, alcohol, and over-the-counter and illicit substances in 2011","author":"Cancer Council Victoria","year":"2012"},{"key":"bibr4-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2016.02.001"},{"key":"bibr5-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2011.580169"},{"key":"bibr6-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1753-6405.12595"},{"key":"bibr7-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.51.3.170"},{"key":"bibr8-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.76"},{"key":"bibr9-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1962.03050300020004"},{"key":"bibr10-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1980.tb03021.x"},{"key":"bibr11-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13284"},{"key":"bibr12-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0044790"},{"key":"bibr13-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2003.10.010"},{"key":"bibr14-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327108092292"},{"key":"bibr15-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0892-0362(91)90087-D"},{"key":"bibr16-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/16066359.2017.1339229"},{"key":"bibr17-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40337-015-0040-8"},{"key":"bibr18-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803516"},{"key":"bibr19-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03344012"},{"key":"bibr20-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10826084.2011.580205"},{"key":"bibr21-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2006.09.005"},{"key":"bibr22-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm203"},{"key":"bibr23-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1000097"},{"key":"bibr24-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-14-43"},{"key":"bibr25-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-0590(85)90178-2"},{"key":"bibr26-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfm264"},{"key":"bibr27-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2011.06.026"},{"key":"bibr28-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-005-0137-x"},{"key":"bibr29-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-013-3363-7"},{"key":"bibr30-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2014.08.001"},{"key":"bibr31-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2015.07.037"},{"key":"bibr32-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2013.06.001"},{"key":"bibr33-0960327118792064","first-page":"326","volume":"44","author":"Dundaroz M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Turk J Pediatr"},{"key":"bibr34-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1385-299X(02)00182-4"},{"key":"bibr35-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.13858"},{"key":"bibr36-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1203\/00006450-199412000-00023"},{"key":"bibr37-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2004.08.035"},{"key":"bibr38-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.legalmed.2004.07.005"},{"key":"bibr39-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-008X(70)90088-8"},{"key":"bibr40-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-199212000-00028"},{"key":"bibr41-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1488","volume":"30","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Alfaro M","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Appl Toxicol"},{"key":"bibr42-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(99)00120-1"},{"key":"bibr43-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0890-6238(03)00106-0"},{"key":"bibr44-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2007.01.009"},{"key":"bibr45-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jat.1181"},{"key":"bibr46-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-006-0359-6"},{"key":"bibr47-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-001-1181-5"},{"key":"bibr48-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1999.7288"},{"key":"bibr49-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0748233715599087"},{"key":"bibr50-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"bibr51-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneumeth.2013.09.010"},{"key":"bibr52-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327115591377"},{"key":"bibr53-0960327118792064","first-page":"624","volume":"4","author":"Sengupta P","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med"},{"key":"bibr54-0960327118792064","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988","edition":"2"},{"key":"bibr55-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ntt.2004.09.007"},{"key":"bibr56-0960327118792064","volume-title":"2010 National drug strategy household survey report","year":"2011"},{"key":"bibr57-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000071224"},{"key":"bibr58-0960327118792064","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20120223"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; Experimental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0960327118792064","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/0960327118792064","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/0960327118792064","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:48:33Z","timestamp":1777448913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/0960327118792064"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1177\/0960327118792064"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0960327118792064","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-3271","1477-0903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-3271","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,7,31]]}}}