{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:43:48Z","timestamp":1777668228862,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577318400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a medical condition caused by mutation in a single nucleotide in the \u03b2-globin gene. It is a health problem for people in sub-Saharan Africa, the Middle East and India. Orthodox drugs developed so far for SCD focus largely on symptomatic respite of pain and crisis mitigation. We investigated the antisickling effects of chrysin via modulation of deoxy-haemoglobin, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase, redox homeostasis and alteration of functional chemistry in human sickle erythrocytes. In silico and in vitro methods were adopted for the studies. Chrysin was docked against deoxy-haemoglobin and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase, with binding energies (\u221224.064 and \u221218.171 kcal\/mol) and inhibition constant ( K\n                    <jats:sub>i<\/jats:sub>\n                    ) of 0.990 \u00b5M and 0.993 \u00b5M at their active sites through strong hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. Sickling was induced with 2% metabisulphite at 3 h. Chrysin was able to prevent sickling maximally at 2.5 \u00b5g\/mL and reversed the same at 12.5 \u00b5g\/mL, by 66.5% and 69.6%, respectively. Treatment with chrysin significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) re-established the integrity of erythrocytes membrane as evident from the observed percentage of haemolysis relative to induced erythrocytes. Chrysin also significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) prevented and reversed lipid peroxidation. Similarly, glutathione and catalase levels were observed to significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) increase with concomitant significant ( p &lt; 0.05) decrease in superoxide dismutase activity relative to untreated. From Fourier-transform infrared results, treatment with chrysin was able to favourably alter the functional chemistry, judging from the shifts and functional groups observed. Sickling-suppressive effects of chrysin may therefore be associated with sequestration of deoxy-haemoglobin, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase, alteration of redox homeostasis and functional chemistry of sickle erythrocytes.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327119895815","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]],"date-time":"2019-12-26T06:52:02Z","timestamp":1577343122000},"page":"537-546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Sickling-suppressive effects of chrysin may be associated with sequestration of deoxy-haemoglobin, 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate mutase, alteration of redox homeostasis and functional chemistry of sickle erythrocytes"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4167-7793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"A","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"AD","family":"Waziri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Haematology, Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"GE","family":"Forcados","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B","family":"Sanusi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H","family":"Sani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I","family":"Malami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"IB","family":"Abubakar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"RA","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"HA","family":"Mohammed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-0960327119895815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5315\/wjh.v6.i3.55"},{"key":"bibr2-0960327119895815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOH.0000000000000241"},{"key":"bibr3-0960327119895815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajh.24986"},{"key":"bibr4-0960327119895815","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.7349"},{"key":"bibr5-0960327119895815","volume-title":"Sickle cell disease","author":"Sedrak 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