{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:44:13Z","timestamp":1777668253963,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1579478400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003715","name":"Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["KGM5241911"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KGM5241911"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003715","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Enterococcus faecalis is a facultative anaerobic gram-positive commensal bacterium common in the gastrointestinal tract of animals and humans. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of heat-killed E. faecalis EF-2001 (EF-2001) on acute gastric ulcer using a murine model of ethanol (EtOH)-induced acute gastric injury. EF-2001 (20, 40, and 80 mg\/kg\/day) was administered by oral gavage for 5 days before EtOH treatment (10 mL\/kg body weight). EF-2001 effectively attenuated EtOH-induced gastric mucosal injury with reduced gastric mucosal ulcer and histological damage score. Pretreatment of EF-2001 markedly suppressed the phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs; ERK1\/2, JNK, and p38MAPK). In addition, EF-2001 significantly inhibited phosphorylation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-\u03baB) and subsequently suppressed the upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 1 beta, and interleukin 6 in gastric tissues. Taken together, these results suggest that EF-2001 exerts a gastroprotective effect against acute gastric injury, and the underlying mechanism might be associated with the suppression of MAPKs and NF-\u03baB signaling and consequent reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators or cytokines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327119899987","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,20]],"date-time":"2020-01-20T05:41:59Z","timestamp":1579498919000},"page":"721-733","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Effect of heat-killed\n                    <i>Enterococcus faecalis<\/i>\n                    EF-2001 on ethanol-induced acute gastric injury in mice: Protective effect of EF-2001 on acute gastric ulcer"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"D-B","family":"Jeon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H-G","family":"Shin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B-W","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S-H","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J-H","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J-H","family":"Ha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J-Y","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"H-J","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup-si, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W-J","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development Center, Korea BeRM Co. 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