{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T02:09:32Z","timestamp":1787018972099,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591574400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aims to determine whether usnic acid (UA) could induce the expression of apoptosis-related genes in apoptosis pathway. The current study has enabled us to better understand the target of UA in the treatment of breast cancer. Cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Based on the previous study and the results of this study, UA had the most antiproliferative effect on SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell line. We examined differential expression of 88 apoptosis-related genes by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction using the apoptosis primary library panel in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell. We observed a difference in the significant differential expression of 74 apoptosis-related genes in breast cancer after SK-BR-3 cells applied to UA (7.21 \u00b5M) for 48 h. The expression level of 56 of these 74 differentiated apoptosis-related genes increased ( p &lt; 0.05), but the expression level of the other 18 related genes decreased ( p &lt; 0.05). In order to evaluate the mechanism of apoptosis of UA, Western blot analysis was performed with Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 antibodies. According to the Western blot analysis, we obtained similar results with gene-expression data. These results suggest that UA showed a cytotoxic effect in SK-BR-3 cells through activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. The obtained results from gene expression revealed that the effect of UA on apoptosis pathway is critical for clinical research.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327120930257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,8]],"date-time":"2020-06-08T05:45:01Z","timestamp":1591595101000},"page":"1497-1506","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["The expression profiles of apoptosis-related genes induced usnic acid in SK-BR-3 breast cancer cell"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"R\u015e","family":"\u00d6zben","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University, Biotechnology Institute, Ankara, Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5662-2333","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"D","family":"Cansaran-Duman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ankara University, Biotechnology 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