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The major pathological change associated with KBD is the degradation of the articular cartilage matrix. Herein, we investigated the key molecules that regulate T-2 toxin-mediated cartilage degradation. Potential KBD treatments were also investigated. Sprague Dawley rats were divided into the T-2 toxin group and the control group. The T-2 toxin group received 100\u00a0ng\/g BW\/day, whereas the control group received a similar dose of PBS. The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP-13) and TGF-\u03b2 receptor I\/II (TGF-\u03b2RI\/II) was analyzed using immunohistochemical staining. C28\/I2 chondrocytes were exposed to TGF-\u03b2RI\/II binding inhibitor (GW788388) for 24\u00a0h before incubation in different T-2 toxin concentrations (0, 6, 12, and 24\u00a0ng\/mL for 72\u00a0h). The expression of mRNA for TGF-\u03b2RI\/II, MMP-13 and proteins for MMP-13, and Smad-2 in chondrocytes were analyzed using RT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Safranin O staining revealed that T-2 toxin treatment modulated the expression of articular cartilage matrix. On the other hand, T-2 toxin treatment sharply increased the expression of MMP-13, TGF-\u03b2RI, and TGF-\u03b2RII in the rat cartilages. Interestingly, blocking the TGF-\u03b2Rs-smad 2 signaling pathway using GW788388 abrogated the effect of T-2 toxin on upregulating MMP-13 expression. The expression of MMP-13 in chondrocytes induced with T-2 toxin is regulated via the TGF-\u03b2Rs signaling pathway. As such, inhibiting the expression of TGF-\u03b2Rs is a potential KBD treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271221075555","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,25]],"date-time":"2022-02-25T17:07:06Z","timestamp":1645808826000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["T-2 toxin induces articular cartilage damage by increasing the expression of MMP-13 via the TGF-\u03b2 receptor pathway"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5885-0214","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, P.R China."},{"name":"School of Nursing, Health Science Center, Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, PR China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6510-2057","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengzheng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, Health Science Center of Xi\u2019an Jiaotong University, and Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People\u2019s Republic of China, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi\u2019an, Shaanxi, P.R China."},{"name":"Affiliated Hospital of Yan\u2019an University, Yan \u2018an, Shaanxi, PR 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