{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T21:07:19Z","timestamp":1781125639252,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,1]],"date-time":"2023-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1677628800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    2,3,7,8 tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) is a potential environmental toxin that has the ability to affect male reproductive tract. Rhamnazin is a naturally present flavone that displays multiple medicinal properties. Therefore, the current study was designed to determine the mitigative role of rhamnazin against TCDD induced reproductive damage. 48 adult male albino rats were randomly separated into four groups: control, TCDD (10\u00a0\u00b5gkg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ), TCDD + rhamnazin (10\u00a0\u00b5gkg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    + 5\u00a0mgkg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    respectively) and rhamnazin (5\u00a0mgkg\n                    <jats:sup>\u22121<\/jats:sup>\n                    ). The trial was conducted for 56\u00a0days. TCDD intoxication notably affected superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GSR) and catalase (CAT) activities, besides reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations were augmented. TCDD administration also lowered sperm motility, viability, sperm number, while it augmented the sperm morphological (tail, neck\/midpiece and head) anomalies. Moreover, it decreased the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) and plasma testosterone. Moreover, TCDD reduced steroidogenic enzymes i.e., 17-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (17\u03b2-HSD), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and 3-beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3\u03b2-HSD) as well as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expressions, but increased the expressions of Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and cysteine\u2013aspartic acid protease (Caspase-3). Furthermore, TCDD exposure also induced histopathological anomalies in testicular tissues. However, the supplementation of rhamnazin recovered all the mentioned damages in the testicles. The outcomes revealed that rhamnazin can ameliorate TCDD induced reproductive toxicity due to its anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and androgenic nature.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271231205859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,9]],"date-time":"2023-10-09T05:46:45Z","timestamp":1696830405000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Rhamnazin ameliorates 2, 3, 7, 8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-evoked testicular toxicity by restoring biochemical, spermatogenic and histological profile in male albino rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"42","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8398-5364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad Umar","family":"Ijaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shama","family":"Mustafa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qurat Ul","family":"Ain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Sialkot, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Hamza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shafaqat","family":"Ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 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