{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T03:43:18Z","timestamp":1786592598052,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,1]],"date-time":"2024-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704067200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005795","name":"Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CORPG3N0391 and CORPG3K0195"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CORPG3N0391 and CORPG3K0195"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005795","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The toxicity and carcinogenicity of glyphosate have long been debated. Nevertheless, the mortality rate in patients with acute glyphosate-surfactant poisoning varies across different groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 2002 and 2020, 109 patients with glyphosate-surfactant poisoning received treatment at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital. Patients were stratified into two subgroups according to their prognosis: good ( n = 74) or poor ( n = 35). Baseline demographics, psychiatric comorbidities, medical complications, and laboratory data were collected, and mortality data were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The patients were 54.1 \u00b1 17.5\u00a0years of age and were mostly male (68.8%). Most patients (91.7%) ingested pesticides intentionally, and patients arrived at the hospital within 7.1 \u00b1 12.7 h. Psychiatric comorbidities were prevalent, and the top three comorbidities were mental (71.6%), depressive (48.6%), and adjustment (14.7%) disorder. Patients with poor prognoses were older than those with good prognoses ( p = .007). Moreover, patients with poor prognoses had lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores ( p &lt; .001) and diastolic blood pressure ( p = .008), but higher incidences of upper gastrointestinal bleeding ( p &lt; .001), aspiration pneumonia ( p &lt; .001), hypotension ( p &lt; .001), hyperglycemia ( p = .002), acute kidney injury ( p &lt; .001), and metabolic acidosis ( p &lt; .001) than patients with good prognoses. The mortality rate was 5.5%. A multivariate-logistic-regression model revealed that the Glasgow Coma Scale score was a significant risk factor for poor prognosis (odds ratio 0.653, confidence interval 0.427\u20130.998; p = .049). However, no risk factors for mortality were identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 32.1% of patients with glyphosate-surfactant poisoning had poor prognoses, and 5.5% of patients died despite treatment. The mortality outcome is comparable to that of published reports from other international poison centers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271241297004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,23]],"date-time":"2024-10-23T01:56:43Z","timestamp":1729648603000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Human poisoning with glyphosate-surfactant herbicides: Retrospective analysis of mortality outcomes of patients treated in a poison center"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"43","author":[{"given":"Kuan-Hung","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jen Ai Hospital, Dali Branch, Dali, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shu-Sen","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Health Behaviors and Community Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chao-Ying","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital Yunlin Branch, Yunlin, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"},{"name":"Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9353-026X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hsien-Yi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chin","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai-Fan","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Po-Yen","family":"Kuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ju-Ching","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I-Kuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Nephrology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0907-1505","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tzung-Hai","family":"Yen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology and Clinical Poison Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan"},{"name":"College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"bibr1-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/rtph.1999.1371"},{"key":"bibr2-09603271241297004","volume-title":"Toxicological profile for glyphosate","author":"Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR)","year":"2020"},{"key":"bibr3-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12940-018-0435-5"},{"key":"bibr4-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1613"},{"key":"bibr5-09603271241297004","unstructured":"EPA. Revised glyphosate issue paper: evaluation of carcinogenic potential. 2017. Web address: https:\/\/www.regulations.gov\/document\/EPA-HQ-OPP-2009-0361-0073, accessed on October 6, 2024."},{"key":"bibr6-09603271241297004","first-page":"e08164","volume":"21","author":"Alvarez F","year":"2023","journal-title":"EFSA J"},{"key":"bibr7-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2017470118"},{"key":"bibr8-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90379-0"},{"key":"bibr9-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563659109038601"},{"key":"bibr10-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719101000101"},{"key":"bibr11-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096032719701601007"},{"key":"bibr12-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1553-2712.2000.tb02069.x"},{"key":"bibr13-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2007.05.011"},{"key":"bibr14-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15563650903140399"},{"key":"bibr15-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650903476491"},{"key":"bibr16-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2010.488640"},{"key":"bibr17-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2011.626422"},{"key":"bibr18-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2012.12.010"},{"key":"bibr19-09603271241297004","first-page":"677","volume":"6","author":"Chen HH","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"bibr20-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.09.025"},{"key":"bibr21-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2015.1121271"},{"key":"bibr22-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.12624"},{"key":"bibr23-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2016.06.001"},{"key":"bibr24-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000001201"},{"key":"bibr25-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11164824"},{"key":"bibr26-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2016.01.003"},{"key":"bibr27-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2018.12.013"},{"key":"bibr28-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2017.10.051"},{"key":"bibr29-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094605"},{"key":"bibr30-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-021-00975-6"},{"key":"bibr31-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2014.11.004"},{"key":"bibr32-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10157-020-01962-0"},{"key":"bibr33-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/15563650.2013.770154"},{"key":"bibr34-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-6580.155389"},{"key":"bibr35-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13696-7"},{"key":"bibr36-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2014.08.008"},{"key":"bibr37-09603271241297004","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.08.020"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; Experimental Toxicology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09603271241297004","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1177\/09603271241297004","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1177\/09603271241297004","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T07:49:14Z","timestamp":1777448954000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/09603271241297004"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"references-count":37,"alternative-id":["10.1177\/09603271241297004"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/09603271241297004","relation":{},"ISSN":["0960-3271","1477-0903"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0960-3271","type":"print"},{"value":"1477-0903","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"article-number":"09603271241297004"}}