{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T01:58:48Z","timestamp":1791251928607,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1741910400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University","award":["23.KARIYER.007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["23.KARIYER.007"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Doxorubicin (DXR), a chemotherapeutic antibiotic, is widely used as an anticancer drug in clinics. Grape seed extract is known for its potent antioxidant properties. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of high-antioxidant content Vitis vinifera L. seed extract against DXR-induced testicular and epididymal damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>30 male rats were randomly divided into five groups with six animals in each group: Control, Sham, DXR (a single i.p. dose of 15\u00a0mg\/kg), DXR + VIT (120\u00a0mg\/kg VIT seed extract via gavage for 14 days and a single i.p. dose of DXR (15\u00a0mg\/kg) on day 5, VIT (120\u00a0mg\/kg VIT seed extract via gavage for 14 days). Animals were sacrificed under anesthesia 24 hours after the last drug administration, and blood, testis, and epididymis tissues were collected.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Tissues from the DXR group exhibited atrophic seminiferous tubules, Leydig cell degeneration, tunica albuginea and basal membrane thinning, immature spermatogenic cells, vascular congestion, epididymal atrophy, epithelial cell deletion, decreased sperm count, increased connective tissue, and absence of sperm in the lumen. Serum levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 1\u03b2 (IL-1\u03b2), Tumor Necrosis Factor\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>\n                      (TNF-\u03b1), Total Oxidant Status (TOS), Total Antioxidant Status (TAS), and testosterone were increased in the DXR group, while interleukin 10 (IL-10) levels were decreased. The DXR + VIT group showed a near-recovery similar to the control.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DXR increased oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the testis and epididymis, whereas VIT exhibited protective effects against these damages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271251319787","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T18:57:21Z","timestamp":1741978641000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Effect of grape seed extract on doxorubicin-induced testicular and epididymal damage in rats"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4671-9315","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emine","family":"Sarman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Halit Bugra","family":"Koca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_3_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874467215666220415131344"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70548-5"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jre.2022.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2020.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_3_7_2","first-page":"2","article-title":"Protective effects of dioscin against doxorubicin-induced hepatotoxicity via regulation of Sirt1\/FOXO1\/NF-\u03bab signal","volume":"1","author":"Song S","year":"2019","unstructured":"Song S, Chu L, Liang H, et al. 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