{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T20:44:27Z","timestamp":1777668267044,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"SAGE Publications","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/page\/policies\/text-and-data-mining-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Xianyang Chinese Medicine Industrial Innovation Cluster Project of Qin Innovation Source","award":["L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-X220"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L2024-QCY-ZYYJJQ-X220"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017596","name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2024JC-YBQN-0925"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024JC-YBQN-0925"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017596","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["journals.sagepub.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Hum Exp Toxicol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms underlying Tripterygium glycosides (TG) - induced liver injury, focusing on the role of the STING-TBK1 signaling pathway, and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting this axis in mitigating liver damage.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study employed two experimental approaches. First, male Balb\/c mice were administered TG at doses of 13.5, 40.5, and 135\u00a0mg\/kg for 3\u00a0weeks to assess dose-dependent hepatotoxicity. Liver injury was evaluated through serum ALT\/AST levels, hepatic histopathology, and liver index. Immunohistochemical staining and Western blot analysis were used to examine STING expression in liver tissues and THP-1 cells. In the second approach, pharmacological inhibitors of STING and TBK1 were administered to evaluate their protective effects against TG-induced liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TG induced dose-dependent liver injury and inflammatory infiltration, along with activation of the STING-TBK1 pathway in non-parenchymal cells. Inhibition of this pathway significantly attenuated hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by reduced ALT\/AST levels, decreased inflammatory cytokines, and improved histopathological outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings demonstrate that the STING-TBK1 axis plays a critical role in mediating TG-induced hepatotoxicity. Pharmacological inhibition of this pathway effectively alleviates TG-induced hepatotoxicity, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target for drug-induced liver injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1177\/09603271251369053","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,14]],"date-time":"2025-08-14T05:24:44Z","timestamp":1755149084000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/sage-journals-update-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Targeted inhibition of STING-TBK1 axis alleviates the hepatotoxicity of tripterygium glycosides"],"prefix":"10.1177","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huanhuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shaanxi University of International Trade &amp; Commerce, Xianyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zechen","family":"Niu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chunzhou","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2060-3899","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dongxiao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"179","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_3_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21762"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2023.2182617"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2022.938849"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2023.154813"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.116055"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114325"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1232458"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2100225118"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-019-1000-2"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201902599"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2020.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00524-z"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008335"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bcpt.13313"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2022.115090"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxlet.2023.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2024.108604"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2023.114705"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.009"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2022.106577"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-018-0287-8"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2024.2363591"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M109.000414"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M501367200"},{"key":"e_1_3_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2013.07.023"}],"container-title":["Human &amp; 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